Bootloop on Xiaomi Mi 5

Bootloop happens on v2025.5.18-dev and it doesn't happen on v2023.10.16. 

I'm using LineageOS 22 and APatch 11142. When this happens, I have to resort to https://apatch.dev/rescue-bootloop.html#integrated-mechanisms to exit the bootloop. How can I debug it further?

If it makes any difference, my charging switch is battery/charging_enabled. Leaving it to automatic, makes it work unreliably.