Runs-on for linux-build-lib and linux-test (2X faster CI) (#20107)

## Which issue does this PR close?

Related to #13813

Thanks to the infra team and @gmcdonald specifically, we now have the
ability to use more powerful AWS-provided runners in our CI 🥳

DataFusion has one of the largest runtimes across Apache projects -
that's why we're bringing those runners here first. Since we're first to
test this, I think it's reasonable to do a gradual transition, so I
updated the two most frequently failing actions to be hosted in AWS. The
plan is to test that everything works fine and then transition the
remaining actions.

## What changes are included in this PR?

If the org is `apache`, we'll now use ASF-provisioned runners in the ASF
infra AWS account. Forks will not have access to those runners, so they
will fall back to GitHub-provisioned ones.

## Are these changes tested?

Yes.

- Forks in non-apache orgs:
blaginin#10
- Apache org: apache/datafusion-sandbox#163

## Are there any user-facing changes?

No

Author: blaginin

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -45,10 +45,11 @@ jobs:
   # Check crate compiles and base cargo check passes
   linux-build-lib:
     name: linux build test
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'apache' && format('runs-on={0},family=m7a,cpu=16,image=ubuntu24-full-x64,extras=s3-cache,disk=large,tag=datafusion', github.run_id) || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
     container:
       image: amd64/rust
     steps:
+      - uses: runs-on/action@cd2b598b0515d39d78c38a02d529db87d2196d1e  # v2.0.3
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-builder
@@ -266,12 +267,13 @@ jobs:
   linux-test:
     name: cargo test (amd64)
     needs: linux-build-lib
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'apache' && format('runs-on={0},family=m7a,cpu=16,image=ubuntu24-full-x64,extras=s3-cache,disk=large,tag=datafusion', github.run_id) || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
     container:
       image: amd64/rust
       volumes:
         - /usr/local:/host/usr/local
     steps:
+      - uses: runs-on/action@cd2b598b0515d39d78c38a02d529db87d2196d1e  # v2.0.3
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
         with:
           submodules: true

docs/source/contributor-guide/index.md

@@ -199,3 +199,9 @@ Please understand the reviewing capacity is **very limited** for the project, so
 ### Better ways to contribute than an “AI dump”
 
 It's recommended to write a high-quality issue with a clear problem statement and a minimal, reproducible example. This can make it easier for others to contribute.
+
+### CI Runners
+
+We use [Runs-On](https://runs-on.com/) for some actions in the main repository, which run in the ASF AWS account to speed up CI time. In forks, these actions run on the default GitHub runners since forks do not have access to ASF infrastructure.
+
+We also use standard GitHub runners for some actions in the main repository; these are also runnable in forks.