Fix broken links in the documentation (#19964)

## Which issue does this PR close?
- Similarly to #19958

## Rationale for this change
I found some broken links in our docs using codex
]
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## What changes are included in this PR?
Update broken links (will comment inline) 

## Are these changes tested?

By CI

## Are there any user-facing changes?

Better docs / fewer broken links

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Grigorov <martin-g@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: alamb

docs/source/contributor-guide/howtos.md

@@ -187,4 +187,4 @@ valid installation of [protoc] (see [installation instructions] for details).
 ```
 
 [protoc]: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf#protocol-compiler-installation
-[installation instructions]: https://datafusion.apache.org/contributor-guide/getting_started.html#protoc-installation
+[installation instructions]: https://datafusion.apache.org/contributor-guide/development_environment.html#protoc-installation

docs/source/library-user-guide/extending-sql.md

@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ SELECT * FROM sales
 [`executionplan`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/physical_plan/trait.ExecutionPlan.html
 [`sessioncontext`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/context/struct.SessionContext.html
 [`sessionstatebuilder`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/session_state/struct.SessionStateBuilder.html
-[`relationplannercontext`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/sql/planner/trait.RelationPlannerContext.html
+[`relationplannercontext`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/planner/trait.RelationPlannerContext.html
 [exprplanner api documentation]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/planner/trait.ExprPlanner.html
 [typeplanner api documentation]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/planner/trait.TypePlanner.html
 [relationplanner api documentation]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/planner/trait.RelationPlanner.html

docs/source/library-user-guide/functions/adding-udfs.md

@@ -583,7 +583,6 @@ For async UDF implementation details, see [`async_udf.rs`](https://github.com/ap
 
 [`scalarudf`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/struct.ScalarUDF.html
 [`create_udf`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/fn.create_udf.html
-[`process_scalar_func_inputs`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/physical_expr/functions/fn.process_scalar_func_inputs.html
 [`advanced_udf.rs`]: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/main/datafusion-examples/examples/udf/advanced_udf.rs
 
 ## Named Arguments

docs/source/library-user-guide/table-constraints.md

@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ They are provided for informational purposes and can be used by custom
 - **Foreign keys and check constraints**: These constraints are parsed
   but are not validated or used during query planning.
 
-[`tableconstraint`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/sql/planner/enum.TableConstraint.html
-[`constraints`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/common/functional_dependencies/struct.Constraints.html
-[`field`]: https://docs.rs/arrow/latest/arrow/datatype/struct.Field.html
+[`tableconstraint`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/logical_expr/sqlparser/ast/enum.TableConstraint.html
+[`constraints`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/common/struct.Constraints.html
+[`field`]: https://docs.rs/arrow/latest/arrow/datatypes/struct.Field.html

docs/source/user-guide/arrow-introduction.md

@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ When working with Arrow and RecordBatches, watch out for these common issues:
 [`field`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-schema/latest/arrow_schema/struct.Field.html
 [`schema`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-schema/latest/arrow_schema/struct.Schema.html
 [`datatype`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-schema/latest/arrow_schema/enum.DataType.html
-[`int32array`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-array/latest/arrow_array/array/struct.Int32Array.html
-[`stringarray`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-array/latest/arrow_array/array/struct.StringArray.html
+[`int32array`]: https://docs.rs/arrow/latest/arrow/array/type.Int32Array.html
+[`stringarray`]: https://docs.rs/arrow/latest/arrow/array/type.StringArray.html
 [`int32`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-schema/latest/arrow_schema/enum.DataType.html#variant.Int32
 [`int64`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-schema/latest/arrow_schema/enum.DataType.html#variant.Int64
 [extension points]: ../library-user-guide/extensions.md
@@ -241,8 +241,8 @@ When working with Arrow and RecordBatches, watch out for these common issues:
 [`.show()`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/dataframe/struct.DataFrame.html#method.show
 [`memtable`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/datasource/struct.MemTable.html
 [`sessioncontext`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/context/struct.SessionContext.html
-[`csvreadoptions`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/options/struct.CsvReadOptions.html
-[`parquetreadoptions`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/options/struct.ParquetReadOptions.html
+[`csvreadoptions`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/datasource/file_format/options/struct.CsvReadOptions.html
+[`parquetreadoptions`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/datasource/file_format/options/struct.ParquetReadOptions.html
 [`recordbatch`]: https://docs.rs/arrow-array/latest/arrow_array/struct.RecordBatch.html
 [`read_csv`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/context/struct.SessionContext.html#method.read_csv
 [`read_parquet`]: https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/execution/context/struct.SessionContext.html#method.read_parquet

docs/source/user-guide/concepts-readings-events.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 ## 🧭 Background Concepts
 
-- **2024-06-13**: [2024 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data: Apache Arrow DataFusion: A Fast, Embeddable, Modular Analytic Query Engine](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626246.3653368) - [Download](http://andrew.nerdnetworks.org/other/SIGMOD-2024-lamb.pdf), [Talk](https://youtu.be/-DpKcPfnNms), [Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gqcxSNLGVwaqN0_yJtCbNm19-w5pqPuktII5_EDA6_k/edit#slide=id.p), [Recording ](https://youtu.be/-DpKcPfnNms)
+- **2024-06-13**: [2024 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data: Apache Arrow DataFusion: A Fast, Embeddable, Modular Analytic Query Engine](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626246.3653368) - [Download](https://andrew.nerdnetworks.org/pdf/SIGMOD-2024-lamb.pdf), [Talk](https://youtu.be/-DpKcPfnNms), [Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gqcxSNLGVwaqN0_yJtCbNm19-w5pqPuktII5_EDA6_k/edit#slide=id.p), [Recording ](https://youtu.be/-DpKcPfnNms)
 
 - **2024-06-07**: [Video: SIGMOD 2024 Practice: Apache Arrow DataFusion A Fast, Embeddable, Modular Analytic Query Engine](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DpKcPfnNms&t=5s) - [Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gqcxSNLGVwaqN0_yJtCbNm19-w5pqPuktII5_EDA6_k/edit#slide=id.p)
 
@@ -87,16 +87,14 @@ This is a list of DataFusion related blog posts, articles, and other resources.
 
 - **2024-10-29** [Video: MiDAS Seminar Fall 2024 on "Apache DataFusion" by Andrew Lamb](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpnxuBwHbUc)
 
-- **2024-10-27** [Blog: Caching in DataFusion: Don't read twice](https://blog.haoxp.xyz/posts/caching-datafusion)
+- **2024-10-27** [Blog: Caching in DataFusion: Don't read twice](https://blog.xiangpeng.systems/posts/caching-datafusion/)
 
-- **2024-10-24** [Blog: Parquet pruning in DataFusion: Read no more than you need](https://blog.haoxp.xyz/posts/parquet-to-arrow/)
+- **2024-10-24** [Blog: Parquet pruning in DataFusion: Read no more than you need](https://blog.xiangpeng.systems/posts/parquet-to-arrow/)
 
 - **2024-09-13** [Blog: Using StringView / German Style Strings to make Queries Faster: Part 2 - String Operations](https://www.influxdata.com/blog/faster-queries-with-stringview-part-two-influxdb/) | [Reposted on DataFusion Blog](https://datafusion.apache.org/blog/2024/09/13/string-view-german-style-strings-part-2/)
 
 - **2024-09-13** [Blog: Using StringView / German Style Strings to Make Queries Faster: Part 1- Reading Parquet](https://www.influxdata.com/blog/faster-queries-with-stringview-part-one-influxdb/) | [Reposted on Datafusion Blog](https://datafusion.apache.org/blog/2024/09/13/string-view-german-style-strings-part-1/)
 
-- **2024-10-16** [Blog: Candle Image Segmentation](https://www.letsql.com/posts/candle-image-segmentation/)
-
 - **2024-09-23 → 2024-12-02** [Talks: Carnegie Mellon University: Database Building Blocks Seminar Series - Fall 2024](https://db.cs.cmu.edu/seminar2024/)
 
   - **2024-11-12** [Video: Building InfluxDB 3.0 with the FDAP Stack: Apache Flight, DataFusion, Arrow and Parquet (Paul Dix)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGS4GNGDK_4)

docs/source/user-guide/example-usage.md

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ exported by DataFusion, for example:
 use datafusion::arrow::datatypes::Schema;
 ```
 
-For example, [DataFusion `25.0.0` dependencies] require `arrow`
-`39.0.0`. If instead you used `arrow` `40.0.0` in your project you may
+For example, [DataFusion `26.0.0` dependencies] require `arrow`
+`40.0.0`. If instead you used `arrow` `41.0.0` in your project you may
 see errors such as:
 
 ```text