feat: Add support for 'isoyear' in date_part function (#19821)

## Which issue does this PR close?

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- Closes #19820.

## Rationale for this change

`isoyear` part is available in both PG and Spark EXTRACT functions. 


https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-datetime.html#:~:text=the%20week%20numbering.-,isoyear,-The%20ISO%208601

https://github.com/apache/spark/blob/a03bedb6c1281c5263a42bfd20608d2ee005ab05/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/datetimeExpressions.scala#L3360

## What changes are included in this PR?

Support for part `isoyear` in date_part function.

## Are these changes tested?
yes in SLT

## Are there any user-facing changes?

yes
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Author: cht42

datafusion/functions/src/datetime/date_part.rs

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ use datafusion_macros::user_doc;
         description = r#"Part of the date to return. The following date parts are supported:
 
     - year
+    - isoyear (ISO 8601 week-numbering year)
     - quarter (emits value in inclusive range [1, 4] based on which quartile of the year the date is in)
     - month
     - week (week of the year)
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ impl ScalarUDFImpl for DatePartFunc {
         } else {
             // special cases that can be extracted (in postgres) but are not interval units
             match part_trim.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+                "isoyear" => date_part(array.as_ref(), DatePart::YearISO)?,
                 "qtr" | "quarter" => date_part(array.as_ref(), DatePart::Quarter)?,
                 "doy" => date_part(array.as_ref(), DatePart::DayOfYear)?,
                 "dow" => date_part(array.as_ref(), DatePart::DayOfWeekSunday0)?,

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/datetime/date_part.slt

@@ -81,6 +81,23 @@ SELECT date_part('year', ts_nano_no_tz), date_part('year', ts_nano_utc), date_pa
 2020 2020 2019 2020 2020 2019
 2020 2020 2019 2020 2020 2019
 
+# date_part (isoyear) with columns and explicit timestamp
+query IIIIII
+SELECT date_part('isoyear', ts_nano_no_tz), date_part('isoyear', ts_nano_utc), date_part('isoyear', ts_nano_eastern), date_part('isoyear', ts_milli_no_tz), date_part('isoyear', ts_milli_utc), date_part('isoyear', ts_milli_eastern)  FROM source_ts;
+----
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
+
+
 # date_part (month)
 query IIIIII
 SELECT date_part('month', ts_nano_no_tz), date_part('month', ts_nano_utc), date_part('month', ts_nano_eastern), date_part('month', ts_milli_no_tz), date_part('month', ts_milli_utc), date_part('month', ts_milli_eastern)  FROM source_ts;
@@ -228,6 +245,26 @@ SELECT EXTRACT('year' FROM  timestamp '2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')
 ----
 2020
 
+query I
+SELECT date_part('ISOYEAR', CAST('2000-01-01' AS DATE))
+----
+1999
+
+query I
+SELECT EXTRACT(isoyear FROM  timestamp '2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')
+----
+2020
+
+query I
+SELECT EXTRACT("isoyear" FROM  timestamp '2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')
+----
+2020
+
+query I
+SELECT EXTRACT('isoyear' FROM  timestamp '2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')
+----
+2020
+
 query I
 SELECT date_part('QUARTER', CAST('2000-01-01' AS DATE))
 ----
@@ -865,9 +902,15 @@ SELECT extract(month from arrow_cast('20 months', 'Interval(YearMonth)'))
 ----
 8
 
+query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Compute error: YearISO does not support: Interval\(YearMonth\)
+SELECT extract(isoyear from arrow_cast('10 years', 'Interval(YearMonth)'))
+
 query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Compute error: Year does not support: Interval\(DayTime\)
 SELECT extract(year from arrow_cast('10 days', 'Interval(DayTime)'))
 
+query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Compute error: YearISO does not support: Interval\(DayTime\)
+SELECT extract(isoyear from arrow_cast('10 days', 'Interval(DayTime)'))
+
 query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Compute error: Month does not support: Interval\(DayTime\)
 SELECT extract(month from arrow_cast('10 days', 'Interval(DayTime)'))
 
@@ -1062,6 +1105,9 @@ SELECT extract(month from arrow_cast(864000, 'Duration(Second)'))
 query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Compute error: Year does not support: Duration\(s\)
 SELECT extract(year from arrow_cast(864000, 'Duration(Second)'))
 
+query error DataFusion error: Arrow error: Compute error: YearISO does not support: Duration\(s\)
+SELECT extract(isoyear from arrow_cast(864000, 'Duration(Second)'))
+
 query I
 SELECT extract(day from arrow_cast(NULL, 'Duration(Second)'))
 ----
@@ -1074,6 +1120,11 @@ SELECT (date_part('year', now()) = EXTRACT(year FROM now()))
 ----
 true
 
+query B
+SELECT (date_part('isoyear', now()) = EXTRACT(isoyear FROM now()))
+----
+true
+
 query B
 SELECT (date_part('quarter', now()) = EXTRACT(quarter FROM now()))
 ----

docs/source/user-guide/sql/scalar_functions.md

@@ -2519,6 +2519,7 @@ date_part(part, expression)
 - **part**: Part of the date to return. The following date parts are supported:
 
   - year
+  - isoyear (ISO 8601 week-numbering year)
   - quarter (emits value in inclusive range [1, 4] based on which quartile of the year the date is in)
   - month
   - week (week of the year)