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dual_over_z4, self_dual_over_z4
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codelists/descendants/classical/list_self_dual.yml

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codes:
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select:
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- descendant_of: self_dual_over_rings
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- descendant_of: self_dual_additive
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- descendant_of: self_dual_polytope
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- descendant_of: self_dual_lattice
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- cousin_of: self_dual_over_rings
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- cousin_of: self_dual_over_zq
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- cousin_of: self_dual_additive
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- cousin_of: self_dual_polytope
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- cousin_of: self_dual_lattice
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- cousin_of: self_dual_over_zq
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- cousin_of: self_dual_over_z4
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- cousin_of: self_dual
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codes/classical/analog/sphere_packing/lattice/dual/leech.yml

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detail: 'Codewords of the Leech lattice have been proposed to be used for a modulation scheme \cite{doi:10.1109/49.29618}.'
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- code_id: pseudo_golay
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detail: 'The Leech lattice can be constructed from pseudo Golay codes via \term{Construction \(A_4\)} \cite{doi:10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00358-6,arxiv:2309.02382}.'
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- code_id: self_dual_over_zq
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- code_id: self_dual_over_z4
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detail: 'Each 4-frame of the Leech lattice corresponds to an extremal Type II self-dual code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) \cite{doi:10.1007/s10623-023-01293-7}.'
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codes/classical/rings/dual/dual_over_rings.yml

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relations:
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parents:
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- code_id: rings_linear
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cousins:
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- code_id: dual
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# Begin Entry Meta Information

codes/classical/rings/over_zq/dual/dual_over_zq.yml

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C^\perp = \{ y\in (\mathbb{Z}_q)^{n} ~|~ x \cdot y=0 \mod q \forall x\in C\}~.
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\end{align}
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protection: |
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For \(q=4\), the dual of a code \(C=(n,4^{k_1} 2^{k_2})_{\mathbb{Z}_4}\) is \(C^{\perp} = (n,4^{n-k_1-k_2} 2^{k_2})\), whose generator matrix can be written in terms of the standard form of \(C\) \cite[Prop. 1.2]{doi:10.1142/3603}.
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relations:
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parents:

codes/classical/rings/over_zq/dual/self_dual_over_zq.yml

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description: |
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An additive linear code \(C\) over \(\mathbb{Z}_q\) that is equal to its dual, \(C^\perp = C\), where the dual is defined with respect to the standard inner product.
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Self-dual codes for \(q=4\) contain \(2^n\) codewords \cite[Corr. 1.3]{doi:10.1142/3603}.
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protection: |
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Extremal Type-II self-dual codes over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) have been classified for \(n\leq 16\) \cite{doi:10.1109/18.651058,doi:10.1006/jcta.1996.2750}, and there are 4744 such codes at \(n=24\) \cite{doi:10.1007/s10623-023-01293-7}.
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notes:
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- 'See books \cite{doi:10.1007/3-540-30731-1} for more on self-dual codes over \(\mathbb{Z}_q\).'
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- 'See \href{https://www.math.is.tohoku.ac.jp/~munemasa/selfdualcodes.htm}{Database of self-dual codes} by M. Harada and A. Munemasa for a database of self-dual codes over \(\mathbb{Z}_{4}\), \(\mathbb{Z}_{6}\), \(\mathbb{Z}_{8}\), \(\mathbb{Z}_{9}\), and \(\mathbb{Z}_{10}\).'
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#######################################################
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## This is a code entry in the error correction zoo. ##
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## https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo ##
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#######################################################
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code_id: dual_over_z4
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physical: rings
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logical: rings
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name: 'Dual code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\)'
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description: |
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For any linear code \(C\) over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\), the dual code is the set of quaternary strings that are orthogonal to the codewords of \(C\) under the standard inner product modulo \(4\).
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protection: |
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The dual of a code \(C=(n,4^{k_1} 2^{k_2})_{\mathbb{Z}_4}\) is \(C^{\perp} = (n,4^{n-k_1-k_2} 2^{k_2})\), whose generator matrix can be written in terms of the standard form of \(C\) \cite[Prop. 1.2]{doi:10.1142/3603}.
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relations:
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parents:
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- code_id: quaternary_over_z4
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- code_id: dual_over_zq
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# Begin Entry Meta Information
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_meta:
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# Change log - most recent first
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changelog:
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- user_id: VictorVAlbert
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date: '2026-01-02'

codes/classical/rings/over_zq/over_z4/linear_over_z4/rm/cmr.yml

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relations:
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parents:
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- code_id: quaternary_over_z4
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- code_id: self_dual_over_zq
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- code_id: self_dual_over_z4
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detail: 'The \(C_{m,r}\) code is a Type IV self-dual code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) \cite{doi:10.1109/18.796375}.'
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cousins:
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- code_id: reed_muller

codes/classical/rings/over_zq/over_z4/linear_over_z4/rm/quaternary_reed_muller.yml

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detail: 'The mod-two reduction of the QRM\((r,m)\) code is the RM\((r,m)\) code \cite[Thm. 19]{arxiv:math/0207208}.'
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- code_id: gray
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detail: 'The mod-two reduction of the QRM\((r,m)\) code is the RM\((r,m)\) code \cite[Thm. 19]{arxiv:math/0207208}.'
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- code_id: self_dual_over_zq
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- code_id: dual_over_z4
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detail: 'The dual of a QRM\((r,m)\) code is the QRM\((m-r-1,m)\) code \cite[Thm. 19]{arxiv:math/0207208}.'
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codes/classical/rings/over_zq/over_z4/linear_over_z4/self_dual/harada_kitazume.yml

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relations:
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parents:
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- code_id: quaternary_over_z4
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- code_id: self_dual_over_zq
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- code_id: self_dual_over_z4
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detail: 'Harada-Kitazume codes are extremal Type II self-dual codes over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) \cite{doi:10.1006/eujc.1999.0360}.'
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cousins:
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- code_id: niemeier

codes/classical/rings/over_zq/over_z4/linear_over_z4/self_dual/klemm.yml

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relations:
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parents:
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- code_id: quaternary_over_z4
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- code_id: self_dual_over_zq
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- code_id: self_dual_over_z4
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detail: 'The Klemm code is a Type IV self-dual code over \(\mathbb{Z}_4\) \cite{doi:10.1109/18.796375}.'
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cousins:
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- code_id: hamming844

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