gvv-book.sty

%\usepackage[left=1.5in,right=1in,top=1in,bottom=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[left=1.5in,right=1in]{geometry}

%\usepackage{geometry}
\makeatletter%
%\textheight     243.5mm
%\textwidth      183.0mm
%\textwidth=31pc%
%\textheight=48pc
\usepackage{lipsum}% this package is included to get dummy paragraphs for sample purpose.
\usepackage{ulem}
\usepackage{alltt}
\usepackage[anticlockwise,figuresright]{rotating}
%\usepackage{epsf}
%\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{pstricks}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{pstcol,pst-grad}
 \usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{listings}
    \usepackage{color}                                            %%
    \usepackage{array}                                            %%
    \usepackage{longtable}                                        %%
    \usepackage{calc}                                             %%
    \usepackage{multirow}                                         %%
    \usepackage{xparse}
    \usepackage{import}
    \usepackage{hhline} 
    \usepackage{circuitikz}                                          %%
    \usepackage{ifthen}                                           %%
  %optionally (for landscape tables embedded in another document): %%
    \usepackage{lscape}     
    \usepackage{gensymb}     
\usepackage{tikz, pgfplots}


\newif\ifbibunnumbered\global\bibunnumberedtrue%
%\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}%
%\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}%

\bibliographystyle{plainnat}% this can be used both for numerical and authoryear citations.

\def\ttag#1{}
\newdimen\hsizevalue%
\newdimen\vsizevalue%
\columnseprule\z@%

\def\feafxdCatgrychk{}%

\def\baselinestretch{1.25}


\definecolor{figurecolor}{cmyk}{0,0,0,0.3}

\definecolor{bordcolor}{cmyk}{.5,.3,0,0}
\definecolor{startbordcolor}{cmyk}{.5,.3,0,0}
\definecolor{endbordcolor}{cmyk}{.2,.1,0,0}

\let\topborder\relax%
\let\botborder\relax%

\newif\ifAuthorManual%
\global\AuthorManualfalse%

\AtBeginDocument{\ifAuthorManual\else%
\def\ps@plain{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
     \let\@oddhead\@empty\def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\rmfamily\hfil{\normalsize\thepage}\hfil}
\let\@evenhead\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
\usepackage{setspace}\doublespacing\pagestyle{plain}\fi}

%% to avoid Too deeply nested error, made \@toodeep{} %%
%% but the xml conversion is okay %%
\def\@toodeep{}%

\def\bibr#1{#1}%

\newif\ifPreprocessCompleted% \PreprocessCompletedtrue will be inserted while running preprocess script %%
\frenchspacing%

\gdef\StepUpCounter#1{\global\advance#1by 1\relax}%
\gdef\StepDownCounter#1{\global\advance#1by -1\relax}%

\def\minustocounter#1#2{%
  \@ifundefined{c@#1}%
    {\@nocounterr{#1}}%
    {\global\advance\csname c@#1\endcsname -#2\relax}}%

\def\stepdowncounter#1{%
  \minustocounter{#1}\@ne
  \begingroup
    \let\@elt\@stpelt
    \csname cl@#1\endcsname
  \endgroup}%

\def\refstepdowncounter#1{\stepdowncounter{#1}%
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel
       {\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}%
}%

\newcounter{temp}%

\let\LWref\ref%
\def\LWlabel#1{\label{#1}}%
\usepackage{ifthen}%
\usepackage{amsmath}%
\usepackage{color}%
\usepackage{float}%
%\usepackage{graphicx}%
%\usepackage[right]{showlabels}%
\usepackage{boites}%
\usepackage{boites_exemples}%
\usepackage{graphicx,pstricks}
%\usepackage{enumerate}%
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage[fleqn]{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsfonts,amsthm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs,makeidx,listings,verbatim,moreverb}
%%\usepackage{amsthm,mathrsfs,makeidx,listings,verbatim,moreverb}
%\let\eqref\ref%  updated on 20th April 2017

\usepackage{hyperref}%
%\usepackage[dvips]{hyperref}%
\hypersetup{bookmarksopen=false}%
\usepackage{breakurl}%
\urlstyle{same}%
\@ifpackageloaded{enumerate}{%
%%
%\iffalse
%\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
%  \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
%  \@enloop#1\@enum@
%  \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
%   ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
%  \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
%  \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
%%  \if!#2!\relax\csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7\else\csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname#2\fi%
%  \expandafter\settowidth
%            \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
%            {\the\@enLab\hspace{\labelsep}}%
%  \@enum@}
%\fi
%%
\newif\ifRoundPunctuation%
\RoundPunctuationfalse%
\newif\ifSquarePunctuation%
\SquarePunctuationfalse%
\newif\ifDotPunctuation%
\DotPunctuationfalse%
%%
\def\bpunct{}
\def\epunct{}
%%
\newif\ifParaList%This check was added by DEVI G. on 13th Feb 2017
\ParaListfalse%
%%
\def\@enum@{
\list{\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}%
           {\usecounter{\@enumctr}
\setlength{\rightmargin}{0pt}%
\setlength{\topsep}{6pt}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
\setlength{\partopsep}{0pt}%
\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
\ifParaList%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{0pt}%
\setlength{\itemindent}{1em}%
\advance\itemindent by \labelwidth% 
\advance\itemindent by \labelsep% 
\fi%
\ifRoundPunctuation%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{(##1)}}%
\else%
\ifSquarePunctuation%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{[##1]}}%
\else%
\ifDotPunctuation%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1.}}%
\else%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
\fi\fi\fi}
}
%%
}{}%

\newif\iffigruleins
\global\figruleinstrue%


\@ifpackageloaded{showlabels}{%
%%
\ifSL@AMS
%%  \let\SL@maketag@@@=\maketag@@@
  \def\maketag@@@#1{%
  \SL@maketag@@@{#1}%
  \ifx\df@label\@empty%
      \ifx\SL@labelname\relax%
        \SL@eqnlrtext{Missing}%
    \else
        \SL@eqnlrtext{\SL@labelname}%
      \fi
    \else
      \SL@eqnlrtext{\df@label}%
    \fi
    \global\let\SL@labelname\relax
  }
\else
  \let\SL@eqnnum=\@eqnnum
  \def\@eqnnum{%
    \SL@eqnnum
    \ifx\SL@labelname\relax
    % do nothing
    \else
      \SL@eqnlrtext{\SL@labelname}%
    \fi
    \global\let\SL@labelname\relax
  }
\fi
%%
\providecommand{\showlabelsetlabel}[1]{\normalfont\showlabelfont\iffigruleins\color{blue}#1\color{black}\fi}%
%%
\def\showlabels#1{%
\ifmmode% updated by SUJATHA
  \@temptokena=\expandafter{\csname #1\endcsname}
  \expandafter\edef\csname SL@init#1\endcsname{%
    \let\csname SL@orig#1\endcsname\the\@temptokena
    \let\the\@temptokena\csname SL@#1\endcsname}
  \AtBeginDocument{\csname SL@init#1\endcsname}%
  \expandafter\def\csname SL@#1\endcsname{\SL@showlabels{#1}}
\fi}
%%
\let\SL@initmakecaption\relax%
%%
\def\SL@margintext#1{{\showlabelsetlabel{\SL@prlabelname{#1}}}} 
%%
\def\SL@eqnrighttext#1{\rlap{\quad\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{Missing}}{\iffigruleins\textcolor{red}{\LARGE EQN. Label Missing}\fi }{\SL@margintext{#1}}}}
%%
}{}

%\setlength\oddsidemargin{5cm}
\setlength\oddsidemargin{1in}

\newskip\outermargin%
\outermargin=\paperwidth%
\advance\outermargin by -\textwidth%
\advance\outermargin by -\oddsidemargin%
\setlength{\outermargin}{\evensidemargin}

%%Null Section%%
%\def\sieqn#1{#1}%
\newif\ifNumberedExercise%
\NumberedExercisefalse%

\def\endash{--}
\def\emdash{---}

\newif\iffirstsection

\def\@part[#1]#2{%
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
      \refstepcounter{part}%
%      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
    \else
 %     \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
    \fi
    \markboth{}{}%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \normalfont
     \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
       \huge\bfseries \partname~\thepart\par
       \vskip 3\p@%
     \fi%
     \Huge \bfseries #2\par}%
%    \@endpart
}

%% Part %%%

\renewcommand\part{%
  \secdef\@part\@spart}

%% Chapter %%

\renewcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
                    \thispagestyle{plain}%
                    \global\@topnum\z@
                    \@afterindentfalse
                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}

\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{10\p@}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
      \if@mainmatter
        \huge\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter
        \par\nobreak
        \vskip 2\p@
      \fi
    \fi
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \Huge \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
    \vskip 40\p@
  }}

\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{0\p@}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \normalfont
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \Huge \sf\bfseries  #1\par\nobreak
    \vskip 40\p@
  }}


\def\subtitle#1{\bgroup\par\huge\textbf{#1}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\noindent\ignorespaces\egroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Chapter Opening Contents--Chapter/Author/Address/Abstract/KeyWords..%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcount\emailcount%
\newcount\punctcount%

\def\jmkLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}%
\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}%
\def\jmkRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}}%

\newcommand{\orgdiv}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\orgname}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\orgaddress}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\street}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\postcode}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\city}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\state}[1]{#1}%
\newcommand{\country}[1]{#1}%

\let\sep\@empty%
\let\authorsep\@empty%
\let\emailsep\@empty%

\newcount\aucount%
\newcount\corrauthcount%

%\def\au@and{\unskip\advance\punctcount by -1, }%
\def\au@and{\ifnum\punctcount=1\else\ifnum\punctcount=2\ and\advance\punctcount by -1\else\advance\punctcount by -1 \fi \fi}%
\def\artauthors{}

\newif\if@auemail%

\newcommand{\thecorrauthcount}{\the\corrauthcount}%
\newcommand{\theaucount}{\the\aucount}%
\newcommand{\thefnmCnt}{\the\fnmCnt}%

\def\author{\advance\aucount\@ne\@ifstar{\@@corrauthor}{\@@author}}%

\newcommand{\@@corrauthor}[2][]{\g@addto@macro\artauthors{%
\renewcommand{\email}[1]{}%
\hsize=\textwidth\raggedright%
\global\advance\aucount\@ne%%
\global\advance\corrauthcount\@ne%%
\def\@currentlabel{#2}
\jmkLabel{corrauth\thecorrauthcount}%
\Authorfont%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\authorsep{#2\ifnum\aucount=2\else\ifnum\punctcount=2,\else\ifnum\punctcount=1\relax\else\ifnum\punctcount=0\relax\else,\fi\fi\fi\fi}%
\unskip\ifx#1\empty\else\textsuperscript{\smash{{%
\@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{\edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\jmkRef{\@@affmark}}}%
\unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}}}*}\fi%
\def\authorsep{\au@and~}%
\global\let\sep\@empty%
}}%

\def\Authorfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{11pt}{13pt}\selectfont\bfseries\raggedright}%
\def\addressfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{9pt}{11pt}\selectfont\itshape\raggedright}%
\def\corresfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{9pt}{11pt}\selectfont\raggedright}%
\def\AbsTxtfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{9pt}{11pt}\selectfont\raggedright}%

%\newcommand{\@@author}[2][]{%\showthe\aucount%
\def\@@author[#1]#2{%
\g@addto@macro\artauthors{%%
\renewcommand{\email}[1]{}%
\hsize=\textwidth\raggedright%
\Authorfont%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\authorsep{#2\ifnum\aucount=2\ \else\ifnum\punctcount=2,\else\ifnum\punctcount=1\relax\else\ifnum\punctcount=0\relax\else,\fi\fi\fi\fi}%
\unskip\ifx#1\empty\else\textsuperscript{\smash{{%
\@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{\edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\jmkRef{\@@affmark}}}%
\unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}}}}\fi%
\def\authorsep{\au@and~}%
\global\let\sep\@empty}}%

%%\if@purexml\else%
%
\newcounter{affn}%
\renewcommand\theaffn{\arabic{affn}}%
%
\def\jmkaddress{}%
\def\miscjmkaddress{}%
\def\addsep{\par\vskip0pt}%
%
\newcount\addcount% To check the count of address
%
\def\address{\advance\addcount\@ne\@ifstar\@@corraddress\@@address}%
%
\newcommand{\@@corraddress}[2][]{\gdef\@corresinfo{*#2}}%
%
\newcommand{\@@address}[2][]{\def\temp{#1}%
\g@addto@macro\jmkaddress{\hsize=\textwidth%
%%\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip-3pt\nointerlineskip%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\stepcounter{affn}%
\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}%
\jmkLabel{#1}%
\addressfont\ifx#1\empty\else\@hangfrom{\textsuperscript{\smash{\theaffn}}}\fi%
#2\vphantom{Thy}\par%
}}%

\newcommand{\corresinfo}{{\hsize=\textwidth\corresfont\@corresinfo\par}}%

\renewcommand{\maketitle}{\par%
  \@afterindentfalse%
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
    \def\@makefnmark{\hbox to\z@{$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}%
    \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
            \hbox to1.8em{\hss$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$}##1}%
      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
      \@maketitle
    \thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
  \endgroup
  %%\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \let\thanks\relax
  \let\maketitle\relax\let\@maketitle\relax
  \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}
  \@afterheading%
}

\newskip\adjtitleskip%

\newcommand{\@maketitle}{{%\unskip%
\hsize=\textwidth\parindent=0pt%
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\let\footnote\thanks%
\ifnum\aucount>0%
   \global\punctcount\aucount%
   {\artauthors\par}%
   \removelastskip\vskip12pt%\vskip0pt\nointerlineskip%
   {\jmkaddress\par}%
\fi%
   \removelastskip\vskip9pt%
   \ifx\jmkemail\empty\else{\corresinfo\par}\fi%
   \vspace*{33pt plus8.25pt minus4.125pt}%
   \removelastskip\vskip\adjtitleskip%
}}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\newenvironment{absgroup}%
               {\begingroup}%
               {\endgroup\vskip18pt}%

\newenvironment{abstract}[1]{\begingroup%
\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip18pt\nointerlineskip
  \reset@font\AbsTxtfont\hsize=\textwidth\leftskip=36pt\rightskip36pt%
  \parskip=3pt\parindent=10pt%
\if!#1!%
  \noindent%
\else%
  \noindent\textbf{#1:}%
\fi}%
 {\par\endgroup}


\def\keywords#1{\begingroup\par\vskip\baselineskip
\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip18pt\nointerlineskip
  \reset@font\AbsTxtfont\hsize=\textwidth\leftskip=36pt\rightskip36pt%
  \parskip=3pt\parindent=1em%
  \if!#1!%
    \noindent%
  \else%
    \vbox{\noindent\textbf{Keywords:}\ #1}\par%
  \fi%
\endgroup}%

\def\key#1{#1}

\def\fnm#1{#1}%
\def\sur#1{#1}%
\def\email#1{#1}%
\def\phone#1{#1}%
\def\street#1{#1}%
\def\city#1{#1}%
\def\postcode#1{#1}%
\def\country#1{#1}%
\def\countrypart#1{#1}%

%\newcommand\fnm[1]{{\StepUpCounter{\fnmCnt}#1\addtocontents{aq}{\protect{\bfseries Author\ \thefnmCnt}\hfill\protect\break Given Names: #1\hfill\protect\break}}}%
%\newcommand\sur[1]{{#1\addtocontents{aq}{Last Name: #1\protect\par}}}%


\def\raggedcenter{\leftskip=0pt plus 0.5fil\rightskip=0pt plus 0.5fil%
\parfillskip=0pt\let\hb=\break}%

\long\def\dedication#1{\begingroup\parindent=0pt%
\vbox{\par\vbox{\bgroup\parindent=0pt\par\egroup}%
\raggedcenter\huge\itshape#1%
\par\vbox{\bgroup\noindent\par\egroup}%
}%
\endgroup}

\def\contributors{\chapter*{Contributors}
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Contributors}
\vskip1sp
\leftskip=10pt
\parindent-10pt
\vskip-2pt
\everypar={}
\def\footnote##1{\hskip-10pt\savefootnote{##1}\hskip10pt}
\setcounter{page}{5}
\global\titletrue
}

\def\name#1{\vskip2pt\textsc{#1}\hskip10pt}

\def\endcontributors{\newpage\markboth{}{}}


\def\preface{\startonoddpage
\chapter*{Preface}
\global\titletrue
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Preface}}

\def\prefacefirst{\startonoddpage
\chapter*{Preface to the First Edition}
\global\titletrue
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\protect\numberline{\ }\string\rlap{Preface to First Edition}}}

\let\endprefacefirst\endpreface

\def\endpreface{\newpage\markboth{}{}}

\def\prefaceauthor#1{\vskip14pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill\small\sc #1}}


\def\acronyms{\startonoddpage
\global\titletrue
\chapter*{Acronyms}
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Acronyms}}

\def\introduction{\startonoddpage
\global\titletrue
\chapter*{Introduction}
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{I}
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Introduction}}

\def\acknowledgments{\startonoddpage
\global\titletrue
\chapter*{Acknowledgments}
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Acknowledgments}}

\let\acknowledgements\acknowledgments

\def\acro#1#2{\vskip4pt\hbox to\textwidth{\large
\hbox to5pc{#1\hfill}\vtop{\advance\hsize by
-5pc\raggedright\noindent#2}}}

\def\authorinitials#1{\vskip12pt
\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill#1}\newpage}


\def\where#1{\vskip4pt\vtop{\parindent=0pt \normalsize #1}}

\def\startonoddpage{\clearpage
\ifodd\c@page\else\null\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\fi}

\def\foreword{\startonoddpage
\chapter*{Foreword}
\global\titletrue
\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-8pt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Foreword}}

\let\endforeword\endpreface

\def\l@schapter#1#2{%
  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >1
    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
    \vskip 6pt \@plus\p@
     \setlength\@tempdima{2.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \leavevmode 
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
%\chaptocfont 
#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox 
to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
\vskip1sp
  \fi}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\numbered{\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}}% 
\def\unnumbered{\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}}%
\numbered%

\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname.\hskip0.5em}
%
\renewcommand\thesection      {\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}%
\renewcommand\thesubsection   {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}%
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}%
\renewcommand\theparagraph    {(\@arabic\c@paragraph)}%
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph\@arabic\c@subparagraph}%
%
\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-27pt \@plus -2pt \@minus -2pt}{6\p@}{\sf\huge\bfseries\let\sectitle=A}}%
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-23pt \@plus -2pt \@minus -2pt}{5\p@}{\sf\LARGE\bfseries\let\subsectitle=A}}%
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-20pt \@plus -2pt \@minus -2pt}{2\p@}{\sf\Large\bfseries\let\subsubsectitle=A}}%
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{-12pt \@plus -2pt \@minus -2pt}{-0.5em}{\sf\large\bfseries\let\paratitle=A}}%
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}{-12pt \@plus -2pt \@minus -2pt}{-0.5em}{\sf\large\itshape\let\subparatitle=A}}%

\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
  \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
    \let\@svsec\@empty
  \else
    \refstepcounter{#1}%
    \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
  \fi
  \@tempskipa #5\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \begingroup
      #6{%
        \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
    \endgroup
    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
      \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
      \fi
      #7}%
  \else
    \def\@svsechd{%
      #6{\hskip #3\relax
      \@svsec #8.}%
      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
        \fi
        #7}}%
  \fi
  \@xsect{#5}}

\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
     \begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M #5\par}%
     \endgroup%
   \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{#5}%
    \@xsect{#3}}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newenvironment{objectives}[1]%
               {\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt\leftskip=24pt%
                \hbox{\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}}%  
                \removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip-6pt\vskip0pt\nointerlineskip%
		\begin{itemize}
                }%
               {\end{itemize}%
                \removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip6pt\nointerlineskip%
                \hbox{\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}}\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%           EXTRACT            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\extractname{extract}%
\def\versename{poetry}%
\def\quotename{quote}%
\def\pullquotename{pullquote}%
\def\epigraphname{epigraph}%

\newskip\QELftRghtDimen%
\QELftRghtDimen=36pt%

\long\def\source#1{\par\vskip2pt#1}%
%\def\source#1{\raggedright#1}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\Extsource#1{\par\bgroup\leftskip=36pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax\reset@font\normalfont\bfseries\itshape#1\par%
\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\egroup}%
\def\Versesource#1{\par\bgroup\leftskip=36pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax#1b\par\egroup}%

\newenvironment{xextract}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt\par%
\hsize=\textwidth\linewidth=\textwidth%
\let\source\Extsource%
\gdef\QELftRghtDimen{36pt}
\vskip18pt%
\leftskip\QELftRghtDimen\rightskip\QELftRghtDimen\itshape}{\vskip18pt\endgroup}%

\def\extractHd#1{\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\nointerlineskip%
                 \bgroup\leftskip=36pt\rightskip=36pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax%
                         \textbf{#1}\par\egroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\QEsource#1{\par\bgroup\leftskip=36pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax\reset@font\normalfont\bfseries\itshape#1\par%
\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\egroup}%

\newenvironment{QE}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt\par%
\hsize=\textwidth\linewidth=\textwidth%
\let\source\Extsource%
\gdef\QELftRghtDimen{24pt}
\vskip18pt%
\leftskip\QELftRghtDimen\rightskip\QELftRghtDimen}{\vskip18pt\endgroup}%

\def\QuoteHd#1{\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\nointerlineskip%
                 \bgroup\leftskip=24pt\rightskip=24pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax%
                         \textbf{#1}\par\egroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\Versesource#1{\par\bgroup\rightskip=0pt\leftskip=36pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax\reset@font\normalfont\bfseries#1\par%
\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\egroup}%

%\def\PoetryHd##1{\bgroup\noindent\centering\fontsize{18}{20}\selectfont\textbf{##1}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\ignorespaces\egroup}%

\def\PoetryHd#1{\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\nointerlineskip%
                 \bgroup\leftskip=24pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\rightskip=24pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax%
                         \fontsize{18}{20}\selectfont\textbf{#1}\par\egroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newenvironment{epigraph}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=3pt\vskip-\parskip%
\vskip12pt%
\def\source##1{\par\vskip6pt\bgroup\hfill{##1}\rlap{\vphantom{Ay}}\egroup}%
\leftskip=24pt\rightskip=24pt%
\itshape\noindent{}}{\vskip12pt\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newenvironment{pullquote}%
               {\begingroup\medskip\centerline{\hbox to 5pc{\hrulefill}}\parindent=0pt\itshape\leftskip=7.5pc\rightskip=7.5pc\centering}%
               {\par\endgroup\centerline{\hbox to 5pc{\hrulefill}}\medskip}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\renewenvironment{quote}[2][quote]{\begingroup%
  \gdef\quotetype{#1}%%(\quotetype)
  \ifx\quotetype\extractname%%
     \let\title\extractHd%
     \begin{xextract}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\quotename%%
     \let\title\QuoteHd%
     \begin{QE}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\versename%%
     \let\source\Versesource%
     \let\title\PoetryHd%
     \begin{verse}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\epigraphname%%
     \let\source\Versesource%
     \begin{epigraph}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\pullquotename%%
     \let\source\Versesource%
     \let\title\QuoteHd%
     \begin{pullquote}%
  \else%
     \begingroup%
  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}{%
  \ifx\quotetype\pullquotename%%
      \end{pullquote}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\epigraphname%%
      \end{epigraph}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\versename%%
      \end{verse}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\quotename%%
      \end{QE}%
  \else%
  \ifx\quotetype\extractname%%
      \end{xextract}%
  \else%
      \endgroup%
  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi%
  \endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\itemize{%
  \ifnum \@itemdepth >3 \@toodeep\else \advance\@itemdepth \@ne
  \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
  \list{\csname\@itemitem\endcsname}%
       {\setlength{\labelsep}{6pt}%
        \setlength\leftmargin{6pt}%
        \advance\leftmargin by \labelsep% 
        \setlength\itemsep{0pt}
        \setlength{\partopsep}{0pt}%
        \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
        \setlength{\listparindent}{0pt}%
        \def\makelabel##1{\hss{##1}}}\fi}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- DIAGLOGUE == DEVI (16/02/16)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\speakertitle#1#2{\bgroup\vglue12pt\vbox{\parindent=0pt\textbf{#1: #2}\par}\vskip-12pt\vskip0pt\egroup}%

%\iffalse
%\newenvironment{speakers}{\par\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt\parsep=0pt%
%\begin{enumerate}[Speaker A:]}{\end{enumerate}\endgroup}
%		\fi

\newenvironment{dialogue}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt\parsep=0pt\begin{speakers}}{\end{speakers}\endgroup}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- Title Definition %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\typetext#1{\bgroup\noindent{type=`#1'}\par\egroup}%
\def\Featurefixedtypetext#1{\bgroup\noindent{featureFixed type=`#1'}\par\egroup}%
\def\Mathstatementtypetext#1{\bgroup\noindent{mathStatement type=`#1'}\par\egroup}%

%\def\title#1#2\par{\bgroup\typetext{#1}\noindent\textbf{#2}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\noindent\ignorespaces\egroup}%
\def\title#1{\bgroup\noindent\textbf{#1}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\noindent\ignorespaces\egroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END -- Title Definition %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- Feature Fixed Definition%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\feanameTip{tip}%
\def\feanameNote{note}%
\def\feanameWarning{warning}%

\newenvironment{tip}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\bigskip\begin{breakbox}\ignorespaces\noindent}{\end{breakbox}\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{warning}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\bigskip\begin{breakbox}\ignorespaces\noindent}{\end{breakbox}\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{featureFxd}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\bigskip\begin{breakbox}\ignorespaces\noindent}{\end{breakbox}\endgroup}%

\def\FeaFxdHd#1{\removelastskip%\vskip12pt%
                \bgroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
                  \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=24pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax%
                         \fontsize{18}{20}\selectfont\textbf{#1}\par%
\vskip6pt\noindent\egroup}%


\newenvironment{featureFixed}[2][featureFxd]%
               {\begingroup\fboxsep=9pt%
                \let\title\FeaFxdHd%
                \gdef\feafxdtype{#1}%
                 \ifx\feafxdtype\feanameTip%
                   \begin{tip}%
                   \noindent%
                 \else%
                   \begin{featureFxd}%
                 \fi%
		}%
                {\ifx\feafxdtype\feanameTip%
                   \end{tip}%
                 \else%
                   \end{featureFxd}%
                 \fi%
                 \bigskip\endgroup}%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END -- Feature Fixed Definition %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- Feature Definition%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcount\featuretitcnt%
\featuretitcnt=0\relax%

\def\feasection#1{\bgroup\vskip6pt\parindent=0pt\fontsize{20}{22}\sf\bfseries{#1}\egroup}%

\def\feasubsection#1{\bgroup\vskip6pt\parindent=0pt\fontsize{18}{20}\sf\bfseries{#1}\par\vskip6pt\egroup\noindent\ignorespaces}%

\long\def\featuretitle#1\par{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\def\raggedright{\leftskip=0pc\rightskip3pc\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax}%
\StepUpCounter{\featuretitcnt}%
\removelastskip\vskip6pt\nointerlineskip%
{\Huge\sf\bfseries\raggedright#1\ \thechapter.\the\featuretitcnt\par\nointerlineskip\vskip2pt}%
\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\nointerlineskip%
\endgroup\noindent}%

\def\@feaenum@{\list{\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}%
           {\usecounter{\@enumctr}
\setlength{\rightmargin}{-0.95pt}%
\setlength{\topsep}{6pt}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
\setlength{\partopsep}{0pt}%
\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}%
\ifRoundPunctuation%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{(##1)}}%
\else%
\ifSquarePunctuation%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{[##1]}}%
\else%
\ifDotPunctuation%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1.}}%
\else%
\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
\fi\fi\fi}}

\def\feanameBox{Box}%
\def\feanameGeneral{FeaBox}%

\newenvironment{BoxI}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\bigskip\begin{boitecoloriee}\ignorespaces\noindent}{\end{boitecoloriee}\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{FeaBox}{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
\bigskip\begin{boitecoloriee}\ignorespaces\noindent}{\end{boitecoloriee}\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{feature}[2][FeaBox]{\begingroup\vskip24pt\fboxsep=6pt
\parskip=0pt%\parindent=0pt%
\let\title\featuretitle%
\let\section\feasection%
\let\subsection\feasubsection%
\let\@enum@\@feaenum@%
\advance\rightmargin by -36pt%
\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont\sf%
\gdef\featuretype{#1}%
\ifx\featuretype\feanameGeneral%
   \begin{BoxI}%
\else%
   \begin{FeaBox}%
\fi%
}{\par
\ifx\featuretype\feanameGeneral%
   \end{Box}%
\else%
   \end{FeaBox}%
\fi%
\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END -- Feature Definition %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- Numbered Figure With Caption%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip%
    \global\@minipagefalse%
    {\raggedright#1: #2}%
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}%

\def\fps@scheme{btph}%
\def\ftype@scheme{3}
\newcounter{scheme}[chapter]
\renewcommand\thescheme{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@scheme}%
\newcommand\schemename{Scheme}% 
\def\fnum@scheme{\schemename~\thescheme}%

\long\def\Schemecaption#1{\begingroup%
\refstepcounter{scheme}
   \@parboxrestore
    \normalsize
%    \begin{center}\includegraphics{#2}\end{center}%
    \@makecaption{\fnum@scheme}{#1}\par%
  \endgroup}

\newenvironment{scheme}{%
\let\caption\Schemecaption\@float{scheme}%
\small}{\end@float}%


\long\def\unnumfigcaption#1{\begingroup%
   \@parboxrestore%
\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont\baselineskip=10pt%
\vskip12pt%
\par\vbox{#1}\par%
  \endgroup}%

%\def\SPIFIG#1#2{\vbox{\centering\hbox{#1}\par#2}}%

\newenvironment{unnumfigure}{\begingroup\parskip=0pt%%
\removelastskip\nointerlineskip\vskip12pt\nointerlineskip%
\let\caption\unnumfigcaption%
}{\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END -- Unnumbered Figure == DEVI (16/02/16)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\long\def\unnumtabcaption#1#2#3{\begingroup%
\@parboxrestore%
\vbox{#1}\par%
\nointerlineskip\vskip3pt\nointerlineskip%
\vbox{#2}\par%
\nointerlineskip\vskip3pt\nointerlineskip%
\vbox{#3}\par%
\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{unnumtable}{\begingroup\parskip=0pt%%
\removelastskip\vskip\textfloatsep%
\def\arraystretch{1.2}%
\let\caption\unnumtabcaption%
}{\removelastskip\vskip\textfloatsep\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END -- Unnum tab %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}

\def\firsttablerule{\\[-6pt]\hline\\}%
\def\lasttablerule{\\\hline}%
\def\tablerule{\\[-6pt]\hline}%

\def\eqnarray{%
%% updated by suj %%
\def\label##1{\@bsphack
  \protected@write\@auxout{}%
         {\string\newlabel{##1}{{\@currentlabel}{\thepage}{}{}{}}}%
\gdef\df@label{##1}\@esphack}%
   \stepcounter{equation}%
   \def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}%
   \global\@eqnswtrue%
   \m@th%
   \global\@eqcnt\z@%
   \tabskip\@centering%
   \let\\\@eqncr%
   $$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup%
       \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel%
      &\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \eqnarraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil%
      &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \eqnarraycolsep%
         $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering%
      &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hbox to\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup%
         \tabskip\z@skip%
      \cr%
}

\def\endeqnarray{%
      \@@eqncr%
      \egroup%
      \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne%
   $$\global\@ignoretrue%
   \global\let\df@label\@empty%
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- Enunciation Definition %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newtheoremstyle{plain}% name of the style to be used
  {12pt}% measure of space to leave above the theorem. E.g.: 3pt
  {12pt}% measure of space to leave below the theorem. E.g.: 3pt
  {\itshape}% name of font to use in the body of the theorem
  {0pt}% measure of space to indent
  {\bfseries}% name of head font
  {:}% punctuation between head and body
  {1em}% space after theorem head; " " = normal interword space
  {\thmname{#1\ }\thmnumber{#2}\thmnote{\textit{(#3)}}}

\theoremstyle{plain}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[chapter]
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[chapter]
\newtheorem{example}{Example}[chapter]


\newtheoremstyle{spplain}% name of the style to be used
  {12pt}% measure of space to leave above the theorem. E.g.: 3pt
  {12pt}% measure of space to leave below the theorem. E.g.: 3pt
  {\normalfont}% name of font to use in the body of the theorem
  {0pt}% measure of space to indent
  {\bfseries}% name of head font
  {:}% punctuation between head and body
  {1em}% space after theorem head; " " = normal interword space
  {\thmname{#1\ }\thmnumber{#2}\thmnote{\textit{(#3)}}}

\theoremstyle{spplain}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[chapter]
\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}[chapter]

\newtheorem{exer}{Exercise}[chapter]

%\renewenvironment{proof}{\begingroup\parskip=0pt%%
%\indent\textit{Proof.\quad}\ignorespaces}{\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%\long\def\solution#1\par{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt%
%\def\title##1{\bgroup\noindent\textbf{\textit{##1}}\ignorespaces\egroup}%
%\vskip18pt\nointerlineskip%
%\def\raggedright{\leftskip=0pc\rightskip3pc\advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil\parfillskip=0pt\relax}%
%\StepUpCounter{\featuretitcnt}%
%#1\par\endgroup\noindent}%

%\iffalse
%\newenvironment{problems}[1][]{\begingroup%
%\if!#1!\section*{Problems}\else\section*{#1}\fi\par%
%\begin{enumerate}[1.]}{\end{enumerate}\endgroup}
%
%%\newenvironment{exercise}{\begingroup\begin{enumerate}[a.]}{\end{enumerate}\endgroup}
%
%\newif\ifExersResumeNumberLabel%
%%\ExersResumeNumberLabel
%\ExersResumeNumberLabelfalse%
%\fi

%\iffalse
%\newenvironment{exercises}[1][problems]{\begingroup%
%    	        \if!#1!\def\exerssectitle{}\else\section*{#1}\fi%
%%	        \if!#2!%
%%                   \def\exersseclabeltext{}\def\exersresumelabeltext{}%
%%                \else%
%% 		   \ifExersResumeNumberLabel%
%%		      \def\exersresumelabeltext{#2}
%%		      \def\exersseclabeltext{}%
%%                   \else%
%%		      \def\exersresumelabeltext{}%
%%		      \def\exersseclabeltext{#2}%
%%	           \fi%
%%                \fi%
%%\if!#3!\def\exersecextralabel{}\else\def\exersecextralabel{#3}\fi%
%\NumberedExercisetrue%
%%\begin{enumerate}[1.]%
%%                }%
%%               {\end{enumerate}\endgroup}%
%\fi

\long\def\ques#1{\item #1}%

\long\def\exerIns#1{\vskip9pt\vbox{#1}}%

\long\def\hint#1{\par\bgroup%\par
%\vskip-9pt\vskip0pt%
\item[]  \textit{Hint:}\ #1\par
\egroup}%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%			Numbered table with float                  %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newif\ifNumberedTableExists%

\newbox\tabbodybox

\let\toprule\hline
\let\botrule\hline
\let\midrule\hline

\newbox\chktabbodywdbox%

\def\xcopyrightpage#1#2\end#3{\scriptsize\parindent=0pt
Copyright \copyright{#1}
by G. V. V. Sharma. 
%All rights reserved
\vskip6.5pt
%Published by John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.\\
%Published simultaneously in Canada.
\vskip6.5pt

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
\\
and
\\
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.en.html

%No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
%system, or transmitted in any form\\ or by any means, electronic,
%mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except
%as\\ permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States
%Copyright Act, without either the prior\\ written permission of the
%Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate
%per-copy fee to\\ the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood
%Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400,\\ fax (978) 646-8600, or on
%the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for
%permission should\\ be addressed to the Permissions Department, John
%Wiley \& Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ\\ 07030, (201)
%748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008.  \vskip10pt
%
%Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and
%author have used their best efforts in\\ preparing this book, they
%make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy
%or\\ completeness of the contents of this book and specifically
%disclaim any implied warranties of\\ merchantability or fitness for a
%particular purpose.  No warranty may be created or extended by
%sales\\ representatives or written sales materials.  The advice and strategies contained herin may not be\\
%suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional
%where appropriate.  Neither the\\
%publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including\\
%but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
%\vskip10pt
%For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care\\ Department with the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at
%317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002.
%\vskip10pt
%Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print,\\
%however, may not be available in electronic format.
%\vskip10pt
%{\bfseries Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:}
%\vskip8pt
%#2
%Printed in the United States of America.\\
%
%10\ \ 9\ \ 8\ \ 7\ \ 6\ \ 5\ \  4\ \ 3\ \ 2\ \ 1 
\vskip24pt
\egroup\let\@badend\relax\endgroup}

\def\copyrightpage{\thispagestyle{empty}%
\vbox to\textheight\bgroup\vfill\obeylines\obeyspaces\xcopyrightpage}
\let\endcopyrightpage\egroup

\long\def\tabcaption#1#2#3{\par\parindent=0pt%
\refstepcounter{table}%
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt}%
\def\footnotemark[##1]{\textsuperscript{{##1}}}%
\renewcommand\footnotetext[2][]{{\noindent\if!##1!\else\hbox to 12pt{\hfil\textsuperscript{##1}\hskip3.5pt}\fi##2\par}}%
\setbox\chktabbodywdbox\hbox{#2}%
\setbox\tabbodybox=\vbox{\hsize=\wd\chktabbodywdbox%
{\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0pt}%
\small%
   \@makecaption{\bfseries\fnum@table}{\if!#1!\else\ignorespaces\quad\ignorespaces\small #1\fi}\par%
\removelastskip\vskip6pt%
}%
\hbox to\hsize{#2}\par%
    \if!#3!\vskip0pt\else\nointerlineskip\vskip6pt\nointerlineskip%
    \vbox{\par#3}%
  \fi}%
\copy\tabbodybox%
}

%\renewenvironment{table}
%               {\let\caption\tabcaption\@float{table}}
%               {\end@float}

\renewenvironment{table*}
               {\let\caption\tabcaption\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}

\def\sidewaystable{\let\caption\tabcaption\@rotfloat{table}}
\let\endsidewaystable\end@rotfloat

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\MathStatResumeNumber{}%

\renewcommand*\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{2.3em}}

\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}

\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{\ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
  \vskip3pt \@plus.2\p@
  {\sf\bfseries\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \parfillskip -\rightskip
    \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
   \interlinepenalty\@M
   \leavevmode
   \@tempdima #3\relax
   \advance\leftskip \@tempdima\hbox{}\hskip -\leftskip
    {#4}\nobreak\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep
       mu$}\hfill \nobreak
           \hbox to\@pnumwidth{%
             \hfil\reset@font\rmfamily \normalcolor #5}\par}\fi}


\newenvironment{mathStatement}[1]%
               {\begingroup\def\mathstattag{#1}\begin{boitenumeroteeavecunedoublebarre}{}\let\typetext\Mathstatementtypetext\list{}{\rightmargin=0pt\leftmargin=0pt}%
                \item\relax}%
               {\endlist\end{boitenumeroteeavecunedoublebarre}\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{mmathStatement}[1]%
               {\let\typetext\Mathstatementtypetext\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                \item\relax}%
               {\endlist}%

\def\ieqn#1{#1}%

\long\def\termdef#1{\begingroup%
#1%
\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{floatquote}%
               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                \item\relax}%
               {\endlist}%

\newenvironment{blkbox}%
               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                \item\relax}%
               {\endlist}%

\newenvironment{blkfxdbox}[1]%
               {\begingroup\bigskip\fboxsep=9pt\begin{breakbox}\let\typetext\Featurefixedtypetext%
                \if!#1!\def\feafxdcatgry{}\else\def\feafxdcatgry{#1}\feafxdCatgrychk{#1}\fi%
		\noindent\ignorespaces}%
                {\end{breakbox}\bigskip\endgroup}%

\def\drule{\centerline{\hbox to 5pc{\hrulefill}}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip4pt\centerline{\hbox to 5pc{\hrulefill}}}%

\newenvironment{sidebar}%
               {\begingroup\medskip\hrule\medskip\parindent=0pt}%
               {\par\endgroup\medskip\hrule\medskip}%


\long\def\answer#1{\bgroup #1\egroup}%
\long\def\sol#1{\bgroup#1\egroup}%

\long\def\explanation#1{\bgroup #1\egroup}%

\def\MultipleBibSection{}

\newenvironment{biography}%
               {\begingroup\vskip\baselineskip%
               \vbox{\bgroup\noindent{$<$biographyInfo ...$>$}\par\egroup}%
               \def\authorimage##1{\par\noindent\includegraphics{##1}}%
               \ignorespaces\noindent\ignorespaces}%
               {\par\vbox{\bgroup\noindent{$<$/biographyInfo ...$>$}\par\egroup}%
\endgroup\vskip\baselineskip}%

\long\def\textbreak{\begingroup\vskip\baselineskip%
\vbox{\bgroup\egroup}\par%
\hbox to \textwidth{\hfill\noindent{$<$Text Break$>$}$\bullet\bullet\bullet\bullet\bullet$\noindent{$<$/Text Break$>$}\hfill}%
\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- Affiliation == DEVI (15/02/16)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\long\gdef\AuthandAff#1#2{\begingroup\parindent=0pt\raggedright%
\vbox{{#1\par\nointerlineskip}{#2}}
\endgroup}

\def\auth#1{#1}%
%\def\fn#1{#1}%
\def\authnote#1{$^{#1}$}%
\def\contactdetails#1{,\ #1\par}%
\def\and{and\par}
\def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}%

\long\gdef\aff#1{%
%\StepUpCounter{\affcnt}%\StoreAuthAffTxt{\the\affcnt}
%$^{#1}$
{%
\def\email{\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
\def\url{\expandafter\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
\def\phone{\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
\def\fax{\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
\def\textbf{\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
\def\textit{\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
\def\textrm{\@latexerr{WARNING: Do not use this tag inside affiliation tag}\@eha}%
#1}%\global\OrgDivExistsfalse
\vskip24pt%
}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%BEGIN -- SignatureBlock == DEVI (16/02/16)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newenvironment{signature}%
               {\begingroup\parindent=0pt\let\\\par
                \begin{flushright}}{\end{flushright}\endgroup}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END -- DIAGLOGUE == DEVI (16/02/16)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\def\ulntext#1{\underline{#1}}% 
\def\dulntext#1{\underline{\underline{#1}}}% 
\def\olntext#1{$\overline{#1}$}% 
\def\stlntext#1{$\not{#1}$}% 
\def\code#1{\texttt{#1}}%
\def\tt#1{\texttt{#1}}%
\def\monotext#1{\texttt{#1}}%
\def\sanseriftext#1{\textsf{#1}}%
\def\seriftext#1{\textrm{#1}}%
\def\bkcolortext#1{\colorbox{red}{#1}}%
\def\colortext#1#2{\bgroup\textcolor{#1}{#2}\egroup}%
\def\monocolortext#1#2{\textcolor{#1}{\texttt{#2}}}%
\def\sanscolortext#1#2{\textcolor{#1}{\textsf{#2}}}%
\def\hltext#1{\colorbox{red}{#1}}%
\def\latexieqn#1{#1}%
\def\texieqn#1{#1}%
\def\warningtxt#1{#1}%
\def\onlinetext#1{#1}%
\def\printtext#1{#1}%
\def\ichemeqn#1{#1}%

\def\salutation#1{#1}%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Note Group%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\mnote#1{\marginpar{#1}}%
\def\tfn#1#2{$^#1$#2}%
\def\tfnr#1{#1}%
\def\chapfootnotetext#1{{}}%
\let\vfootnote\footnote%
\let\hvfootnote\footnote%

\newenvironment{Endnotes}[1]%
               {\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=6pt
                \section*{#1}}%
               {\endgroup}%

\def\note#1{#1}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Note%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\pgs#1#2{#1 #2}%

\newenvironment{LTE}%
               {\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=6pt}%
               {\endgroup}%

\newenvironment{matchcandidates}%
               {\begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=3pt}%
               {\endgroup}%

\def\ExtraLabelExists{}
\def\eqlabel#1{}
\def\eqextlabel{}

\newskip\eqnarraycolsep%
\eqnarraycolsep=6pt%

\def\ResumeEqnNumber{}

\def\accndoi#1{#1}
\def\accnnormno#1{#1}
\def\accnpatno#1{#1}
\def\accnissn#1{#1}
\def\accnisbn#1{#1}

\newif\ifborderrule%
\borderruletrue%

\topmargin=5pc

\newdimen\safetymargin%
\safetymargin=18pt%

\newdimen\safetypaperheight%
\safetypaperheight=\paperheight%
\advance\safetypaperheight by -2\safetymargin%

\newdimen\safetypaperwidth
\safetypaperwidth=\paperwidth
\advance\safetypaperwidth by -2\safetymargin%

\def\safetyimagemarks{%
\nointerlineskip%
\moveright\safetymargin\vbox to 0pt{\vskip\safetymargin%
\nointerlineskip%
\vbox to\safetypaperheight{\trimhrule\vss%
\hbox to\safetypaperwidth{\trimvrule%
\vbox to\safetypaperheight{%
\hbox to\safetypaperwidth{\hss}%
\vss%
\hbox to\safetypaperwidth{\hss}%
\vss%
\hbox to\safetypaperwidth{\hss}%
}\hss\trimvrule}%
\trimhrule}%
\vss}}%

\newif\ifpagebody%
\pagebodyfalse%

\newif\ifNoMajorMinor%
\NoMajorMinorfalse%

\newif\ifMajorMinor%
\MajorMinorfalse%

\newif\ifOutsideMinor
\OutsideMinortrue%

\def\borderrule{%
  \def\trimvrule{\vrule width0pt}%
  \def\trimhrule{\hrule height0pt}%
}%

\def\nullborderrule{%
  \def\trimvrule{\vrule width0pt}%Rule is not required
  \def\trimhrule{\hrule height0pt}%Rule is not required
}%

\newif\iffigruleins%
\figruleinsfalse%

\def\figrule{%
\def\fighrule{\hrule height0.1pt}%
\def\figvrule{\vrule width0.1pt}%
}%

\def\nullfigrule{%
\def\fighrule{\hrule height0pt}%
\def\figvrule{\vrule width0pt}%
}%

\iffigruleins\figrule\else\nullfigrule\fi% To see the FIGURES in the PREVIEW as a FRAMED BOX%

\newif\iftrimmarks\trimmarkstrue%\trimmarksfalse%

\newskip\blrlwd%
\blrlwd=24pt%

\newdimen\bleed
\bleed=18pt

\newskip\bleedruleht%
\bleedruleht=0.5pt%

\newskip\brlmvdn%
\brlmvdn=\blrlwd%
\advance\brlmvdn by \bleed%

\def\tlmark{}%\smash{\hbox{\rule{\blrlwd}{0.5pt}\hskip\bleed\rule[\bleed]{0.5pt}{\blrlwd}}}}%
\def\trmark{}%\smash{\hbox{\rule[\bleed]{0.5pt}{\blrlwd}\hskip\bleed\rule{\blrlwd}{0.5pt}}}}%
\def\brmark{}%\smash{\hbox{\rule[-\brlmvdn]{0.5pt}{\blrlwd}\hskip\bleed\rule{\blrlwd}{0.5pt}}}}%
\def\blmark{}%\smash{\hbox{\rule{\blrlwd}{0.5pt}\hskip\bleed\rule[-\brlmvdn]{0.5pt}{\blrlwd}}}}%

\def\regcropmark{}%\bgroup\setlength{\unitlength}{.1in}%
%\linethickness{0.4pt}%
%\put(-1.25,0){\line(1,0){2.5}}%
%\put(0,-1.25){\line(0,1){2.5}}%
%\put(0,0){\circle{1.6}}%
%\egroup}%

\newskip\cropraisedimen%
\cropraisedimen=\bleed%
\advance\cropraisedimen by 0.5\bleed%

\def\hcropmark{\leavevmode\smash{\raise\cropraisedimen\hbox{\regcropmark}}}%
\def\bhcropmark{\leavevmode\smash{\lower\cropraisedimen\hbox{\regcropmark}}}%
\def\vcropmark{\leavevmode\hbox{\regcropmark}}%

\def\imagemarks{%
\nointerlineskip%
\vbox to 0pt{\moveleft\bleed\vbox to 0pt{\parskip=0pt\parindent=0pt\leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt\vskip-\bleed\topborder}%
\nointerlineskip%
\vbox to\paperheight{\trimhrule
\vss%
\hbox to \paperwidth{\trimvrule%
\vbox to \paperheight{\hbox to \paperwidth{\llap{\tlmark}\hss\hcropmark\hss\rlap{\trmark}}\vss%
\hbox to \paperwidth{\llap{\vcropmark\hskip\bleed\hskip9.5pt}\hss\rlap{\hskip9.5pt\hskip\bleed\vcropmark}}\vss%
\hbox to \paperwidth{\llap{\blmark}\hss\bhcropmark\hss\rlap{\brmark}}\moveleft\bleed\vbox to 0pt{\parskip=0pt\parindent=0pt\leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt\vskip-\bleed\botborder}}\hss\trimvrule}%
		\trimhrule}\vss}}%

\newdimen\margwidth\margwidth=0pt

\headheight=36pt
\headsep=36pt
\footskip=24pt

\setlength{\skip\footins}{24pt}%

\def\ps@plain{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
     \let\@oddhead\@empty\def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\rmfamily\hfil{\sf\huge\thepage}
     \hfil}\let\@evenhead\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}

\def\ps@headings{%
      \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
      \def\@evenhead{\vbox{\parskip=0pt\parindent=0pt\leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt\hbox to \hsize{\sf\huge\hfill Manuscript Preparation in \LaTeX\hfill \thepage}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip3pt%
\hbox to \textwidth{\hrulefill}}}%
      \def\@oddhead{\vbox{\parskip=0pt\parindent=0pt\leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt\hbox to \hsize{\sf\huge\hfill Manuscript Preparation in \LaTeX\hfill\thepage}\par\nointerlineskip\vskip3pt%
\hbox to \hsize{\hrulefill}}}%
      \let\@mkboth\markboth
}

\def\symbols{\startonoddpage\global\titletrue
\markboth{Symbols}{Symbols}
\chapter*{Symbols}
\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Symbols}
\everypar={}
\bgroup\leftskip=1pc \parindent=-1pc
\def\term##1{\vskip2pt${##1}$\hskip1em\relax}}
\def\endsymbols{\vskip12pt\egroup}

\pagestyle{headings}

\def\@outputpage{%
\ifborderrule\borderrule\else\nullborderrule\fi%
  \let \protect \noexpand%
  \shipout \vbox{%
    \set@typeset@protect%
    \aftergroup\set@typeset@protect%
    \@shipoutsetup%
    \@begindvi%
\iftrimmarks%
\imagemarks%
\fi%
\nointerlineskip%
    \vspace{\topmargin}%
\nointerlineskip%
    \moveright\@themargin \vbox {%
      \setbox\@tempboxa \vbox to\headheight{%
        \vfil%
        \color@hbox%
          \normalcolor%
          \hbox to\textwidth {%
            \let \label \@gobble%
            \let \index \@gobble%
            \let \glossary \@gobble%% 21 Jun 91
            \@thehead%
            }%
        \color@endbox%
        }%                        %% 22 Feb 87
      \dp\@tempboxa \z@%
\nointerlineskip%
      \box\@tempboxa%
\nointerlineskip%
      \vskip\headsep%
\ifpagebody%
\ifNoMajorMinor\else\ifMajorMinor\moveright\margwidth\else\ifOutsideMinor\relax\ifodd\count0\relax\else\moveright\margwidth\fi\else\fi\fi\fi\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\box\@outputbox\vrule}\hrule}%
\else%
\ifNoMajorMinor\else\ifMajorMinor\moveright\margwidth\else\ifOutsideMinor\relax\ifodd\count0\relax\else\moveright\margwidth\fi\else\fi\fi\fi\box\@outputbox%
\fi%
      \baselineskip \footskip%
      \color@hbox%
        \normalcolor%
        \hbox to\textwidth{%
          \let \label \@gobble%
          \let \index \@gobble%% 22 Feb 87
          \let \glossary \@gobble%% 21 Jun 91
          \@thefoot%
          }%
      \color@endbox%
      }%
    }%
  \global \@colht \textheight%
  \stepcounter{page}%
  \let\firstmark\botmark%
}%
\def \@shipoutsetup {%
     \@resetactivechars%
     \let\-\@dischyph%
     \let\'\@acci\let\`\@accii\let\=\@acciii%
     \if@specialpage%
       \global\@specialpagefalse\@nameuse{ps@\@specialstyle}%
     \fi%
     \if@twoside%
       \ifodd\count\z@ \let\@thehead\@oddhead \let\@thefoot\@oddfoot%
            \let\@themargin\oddsidemargin%
       \else \let\@thehead\@evenhead%
          \let\@thefoot\@evenfoot \let\@themargin\evensidemargin%
       \fi%
     \fi%
     \reset@font%
     \normalsize%
     \baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit\z@%
     \let\par\@@par%% 15 Sep 87
}%

\newcount\pagecntcntr%

\def\shipout@PageObjects{%
\special{ps: \pdf@page@parameters}%
\StepUpCounter{\pagecntcntr}%
\ifnum\pagecntcntr=1\relax%
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@roman\c@page}{\thepage}}{%
\special{ps:SDict begin [ {Catalog} << /PageLabels<</Nums[0<</S/r /St \arabic{page}>>]>> >> /PUT pdfmark end}}{\special{ps:SDict begin [ {Catalog} << /PageLabels<</Nums[0<</S/D /St \arabic{page}>>]>> >> /PUT pdfmark end}}\fi}%%

\renewcommand\contentsname{Contents}

\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
    \if@twocolumn
      \@restonecoltrue%\onecolumn
    \else
      \@restonecolfalse
    \fi
    \chapter*{\contentsname}\par%
   \thispagestyle{empty}
 \@starttoc{toc}%
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
    }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%END %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\newenvironment{LOBJ}[1]%
               {\begingroup\begin{boitecoloriee}%
	        \if!#1!\def\feafxdcatgry{}\else\def\feafxdcatgry{#1}\feafxdCatgrychk{#1}\fi%
		}%
                {\end{boitecoloriee}\endgroup}%


\newenvironment{supmat}%
               {\def\caption##1{##1\par}%
                \begingroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=0pt\small%
               }%
               {\endgroup}%

\def\ChLWref#1{#1}%


\long\gdef\abbrev#1{\begingroup%
\def\LWlabel##1{\label{##1}}%
\def\LWref##1{\ref{##1}}%
#1%
\endgroup}%

\long\def\para#1{#1}%

\setlength{\itemsep}{0in}%

%% Macros for Bibliography %%

\@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
\@namedef{thebibliography*}{\def\bibsection{}\thebibliography}
\@namedef{endthebibliography*}{\endthebibliography}
}
{
\@namedef{thebibliography*}{\def\refname{}\thebibliography}
\@namedef{endthebibliography*}{\endthebibliography}
}
%
\def\@bibtype{}
\def\bibtype#1{\gdef\@bibtype{#1}}
%
%\bibsep=0pt%
%\bibhang=0pt%
\def\bibfont{\reset@font\fontfamily{\rmdefault}\fontsize{9bp}{10.5}\selectfont}%  17Dec2016
%
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\emph}{\itshape}%
%
\newif\ifbackmatter%
\renewcommand{\backmatter}{\global\backmattertrue}%

%\def\booktitle#1#2{\vbox to \vsize{\thispagestyle{empty}\vglue5pc\begin{center}\LARGE\bfseries#1\par\vskip3pc\Large\itshape#2\end{center}\vfill}\par\clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}}%

%
%% Macros for Author query %%
%

\newif\ifAQ%
\global\AQtrue%

\newcount\temQEcnt%
\temQEcnt=0\relax%

\def\StepUpCounter#1{\global\advance#1by 1\relax}%
\def\StepDownCounter#1{\global\advance#1by -1\relax}%

\def\aquery{\reset@font\fontsize{7}{0}\selectfont}%
\def\aqueryinText{\reset@font\fontsize{10}{0}\selectfont\bfseries}%

\newdimen\authhsize%
\authhsize=32mm% 
%%\advance\authhsize1.25in%

\newcount\QueryCnt%
\QueryCnt=0%

\def\befQuery{\leavevmode Q}%

\newdimen\aqadjdim%

\newcommand\newauthquery[2][]{\leftskip=5pc%%
\StepUpCounter{\QueryCnt}%
\vadjust{\aquery\smash{\lower\if!#1!0\p@\else#1\fi\hbox{\hspace*{-\aqadjdim}\llap{\vbox{\parindent=0\p@%
%%\check_authhsize_and_place_the_query_marker_outside_the_trim
\hsize=\authhsize%%
{\aqueryinText\befQuery \the\QueryCnt}}}\hfill}}}%
\StoreQueryNoandTxt{\the\QueryCnt}{#2}%
}%

\newcommand\spnewauthquery[2][]{\leftskip=0\p@%%
\StepUpCounter{\QueryCnt}%
\vbox{\aquery\smash{\lower\if!#1!0\p@\else#1\p@\fi%
\hbox{\hspace*{-2pc}\llap{\vbox{\parindent=0\p@%
\hsize=\authhsize%
{\aqueryinText\befQuery \the\QueryCnt}}}\hfill}}}%
\StoreQueryNoandTxt{\the\QueryCnt}{#2}%
}%

\gdef\StoreQueryNoandTxt#1#2{%
\edef\GetRoman{\romannumeral#1}%
\expandafter\gdef\csname\GetRoman QueryNoandTxt\endcsname{\hsize=\textwidth#2}}%

\newcommand\AQ[2][]{\begingroup%
%\global\AQtrue%
\ifAQ\newauthquery[#1]{#2}\fi%
\endgroup}%

%%Defined to get author query inside verbatim%%
\newcommand\spAQ[2][]{\begingroup%
%\global\AQtrue%
\ifAQ\spnewauthquery[#1]{#2}\fi%
\endgroup}%

\newcommand\AAQ[2][]{\begingroup%
%\global\AQtrue%
\ifAQ\newauthquery[#1]{#2}\fi%
\endgroup}%

\newcommand\rnewauthquery[2][]{%%
\StepUpCounter{\QueryCnt}%
\vadjust{\aquery\smash{\lower\if!#1!0pt\else#1pt\fi%
\hbox{\rlap{\hskip\hsize\hskip2pt\vbox{\parindent=0pt%
{\aqueryinText\befQuery \the\QueryCnt}}}}}}%
\StoreQueryNoandTxt{\the\QueryCnt}{#2}%
}%

\newcommand\rAQ[2][]{\begingroup%
%\global\AQtrue%
\ifAQ\rnewauthquery[#1]{#2}\fi%
\endgroup}%

\newcount\LASTPAGENO%

\newcount\TmpCnt%
\TmpCnt=1%

\def\Qheadfnt{\LARGE}%
\def\Qsubheadfnt{\Large}%

\def\qhead{\centerline{\Qheadfnt\bf AUTHOR QUERY}}%
\def\qsubhead{\vbox{\Qsubheadfnt\bf\noindent AUTHOR PLEASE ANSWER BELOW QUERIES}\par}%
\def\qendhead{\vbox{\Qsubheadfnt\bf\noindent END OF QUERY}\par}%

\def\minustocounter#1#2{%
  \@ifundefined{c@#1}%
    {\@nocounterr{#1}}%
    {\global\advance\csname c@#1\endcsname -#2\relax}}%

\def\stepdowncounter#1{%
  \minustocounter{#1}\@ne
  \begingroup
    \let\@elt\@stpelt
    \csname cl@#1\endcsname
  \endgroup}%

\def\refstepdowncounter#1{\stepdowncounter{#1}%
    \protected@edef\@currentlabel
       {\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}%
}%

\long\def\PutQueries{\begingroup\parindent=0\p@\parskip=3\p@%
\hsize=\textwidth%\leftskip=-2.25in%
%%\let\LLIltmargindim\spLLIltmargindim%
\vfill\eject%\ifodd\count0\relax\else\blankpageoutput\fi%%included by suj
\removelastskip\vskip42pt\nointerlineskip%
\qhead\par%
\vspace*{25pt}%
\qsubhead\par%
\vspace*{17pt}%
\vbox{\noindent During the preparation of your manuscript, the question listed below arose. Kindly supply the necessary information.}\par%
\vspace*{16pt}%
\loop\ifnum \QueryCnt>0%
\@hangfrom{Q\the\TmpCnt\quad}\csname\romannumeral\TmpCnt QueryNoandTxt\endcsname\par%
\StepDownCounter{\QueryCnt}%
\StepUpCounter{\TmpCnt}%
\repeat%
\vspace*{24pt}%
\refstepdowncounter{page}%
\qendhead\par%
\endgroup%
\thispagestyle{empty}}%

\long\def\NoPutQueries{\begingroup\parindent=0\p@\parskip=3\p@%
\hsize=\textwidth%\leftskip=-2.25in%
%%\let\LLIltmargindim\spLLIltmargindim%
\vfill\eject%\ifodd\count0\relax\else\blankpageoutput\fi%%included by suj
\removelastskip\vskip42pt\nointerlineskip%
\qhead\par%
\removelastskip\vskip24pt\nointerlineskip%
No query.\par%
\endgroup%
\thispagestyle{empty}}%

%\def\Queries{\clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\ifAQ\PutQueries\else\fi}%
%\def\Queries{\ifAQ\global\APutQuerytrue\PutQueries\else\global\APutQueryfalse%\lastpagedefn
%\fi}%

\AtEndDocument{\clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}%
%\ifAQ\PutQueries\fi
}%

\newcommand\authquery[2][]{\begingroup%
%\global\AQtrue%
\ifAQ\newauthquery[#1]{#2}\fi%
\endgroup}%

\newif\iftitle

\def\AuAff#1{\g@addto@macro\AuthandAffil{\def\\{\vskip-12pt\itshape}\vbox{#1}\par\vskip18pt}}%

\def\AuthandAffil{}

\def\booktitle#1{\def\thetitle{\uppercase{#1}}}
\def\subtitle#1{\def\thesubtitle{#1}}
\def\affil#1{\def\theaffil{\vbox{\huge\raggedright\itshape#1}\par\vskip18pt}}

%\let\authors\author
\def\editionstatement#1{\def\theeditionstatement{#1}}

\booktitle{}
\subtitle{}
\editionstatement{}


\def\halftitlepage{\thispagestyle{empty}
  \vspace*{2pc}%
  {\parindent \z@ 
    \interlinepenalty\@M
\LARGE
\hyphenpenalty10000
\bfseries 
%\def\\ {\vskip6pt}
\noindent\thetitle\vskip 1sp
}
\newpage
}


\def\titlepage{\ifodd\c@page\else\thispagestyle{empty}\null\newpage\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}
\vbox to\vsize{\vspace*{36pt}%
\hrule height3pt
\vskip2pc
\parindent \z@ 
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Huge
\hyphenpenalty10000
\bfseries%\titlefont 
\uppercase{\thetitle}\par
\ifx\subtitle\empty\else
\vbox{\vskip6pt\baselineskip22pt
\vrule height2pc width0pt\thesubtitle\vskip1sp}\fi
\vskip1pc
\hrule
\ifx\theeditionstatement\empty\else
\vskip36pt
\vbox{\editionfont \theeditionstatement}\fi
\vskip6.5pc
\vbox{\baselineskip=14pt\raggedright
\huge\bfseries\AuthandAffil\par}\par
\vfill

\noindent{{\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{figs/logo.jpg}}}
%\noindent{{LOGO}}

%\vskip-8pt
%{A JOHN WILEY \& SONS, INC., PUBLICATION}
\vskip0pt}\newpage}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Index ===>>>

% latex default
%% Use \latexprintindex instead of \printindex to
%% get the default latex index.

%% Contents of makeidx.sty contained in \latexprintindex command.
%% This is because \printindex is defined in this package so
%% user doing \usepackage{makeidx} will get error message.

\providecommand*\seealso[2]{\emph{\alsoname} #1}
\providecommand*\alsoname{see also}

\newcommand\latexprintindex{\startonoddpage
\def\see##1##2{\emph{\seename} ##1}
\def\seename{see}
\@input@{\jobname.ind}}

\renewenvironment{theindex}
               {\def\indexname{Index}
\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
                \twocolumn[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]%
                \@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}%
                        {\uppercase{\indexname}}%
 \addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Index}
\global\titletrue%\dooffprintinfo
\parindent\z@
    \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
    \let\item\@idxitem
\spaceskip=3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt\xspaceskip=\spaceskip
\footnotesize\baselineskip=10pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}
               {\pagestyle{plain}
\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else
\clearpage\fi}
\renewcommand{\@idxitem}  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\renewcommand{\subitem}   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\renewcommand{\subsubitem}{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
\renewcommand{\indexspace}{\par\vskip 10\p@ \@plus0\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}

%%% <<<=== end latex default Index

\newskip\iletterskip
\iletterskip=8pt plus .1pt minus 2pt
\def\iletter#1{\goodbreak\vskip\iletterskip{\sectionfont\uppercase{#1}\vrule depth 8pt width0pt}\nobreak}

%%%%%%% Index Formatting

\makeatother%