cloudcost-exporter: support GCP c4a compute and local hyperdisks

[jjo]

Follow up from #182992.

Add GCP c4a compute and local storage support to cloudcost-exporter:

### Tasks
- [x] compute cost: cpu and memory cost for these new GCP instance type(#341)
- [ ] local storage cost: `hyperdisk-*` local disks (required by these new instances)

[Pokom]

Handling the ARM chipset was fairly straight forward(#341). The hyperdisk requires a bit more thinking. I pushed an MVP PR(#344) that will emit cost metrics just for the capacity. This is ideal because our initial attempts at using hyperdisks will be limited to configurations where throughput and IOPS and the default values, which are effectively free.

@jjo posed an interesting question, which is how do we expose the other pricing dimensions? I did a bit of a deep dive of Grafana's internal usage of the metrics. Most of our calculations for TCO of storage boil down to this type of PromQL expression represented in jsonnet:

...
joining the pod information
                      * on (cluster, namespace, persistentvolumeclaim) group_left(pod) (
                        # deduplicate
                        group by (cluster, namespace, pod, persistentvolumeclaim)(
                          kube_pod_spec_volumes_persistentvolumeclaims_info
                          # filter out failed pods
                          * on (cluster, namespace, pod) group_left() (
                            group by (cluster, namespace, pod)(kube_pod_status_phase{phase="Running"} == 1)
                          )
                        )
                      )
                      # Multiply for the hourly cost per pvc.
                      * on (cluster, volumename) group_left() (
                          label_replace(
                          label_replace(
                          cloudcost_gcp_gke_persistent_volume_usd_per_hour
                          , "volumename", "$1", "persistentvolume", "(.*)")
                          , "cluster", "$1", "cluster_name", "(.*)"
                        )
                        )
                      # Divide by 60 to get the per-minute cost.
                      / 60

Note that the only calculation we're making is finding pod's that are running, then joining that against the hourly cost of persistent volumes associated with that volume. In previous iterations, the cost metric would emit the list price for a specific volume. In our current approach, we bake that in to the metric so that we don't need to put more pressure on Prometheus to make the calculations.

Because of that design decision to calculate the total hourly cost for the metric, I believe we can also add the cost of the other dimensions necessary for Hyperdisks. This would require a subtle change to our storage pricing map(

cloudcost-exporter/pkg/google/gke/pricing_map.go

Line 148 in 414f655

Storage map[string]float64

)

We'd need to expand that from simply being a float64 to being something like

type StoragePriceDimensions struct {
    Capacity float64
    IOPS     float64
    Throughput float64
    HA       float64

Then the disk would need a method that gets the associated metadata for each dimension and calculates the cost based upon those dimensions.

What do you think @jjo?

[jjo]

[...]
We'd need to expand that from simply being a float64 to being something like

type StoragePriceDimensions struct {
Capacity float64
IOPS float64
Throughput float64
HA float64
Then the disk would need a method that gets the associated metadata for each dimension and calculates the cost based upon those dimensions.

What do you think @jjo?

💯 indeed we'd "just" need to change cloudcost_gcp_gke_persistent_volume_usd_per_hour to feed from those extra three dimension (set at creation time, e.g. from a Kube storage class.

In that sense, is interesting to realize that cost has always been "provisioned ", previously only one (Capacity), now these added to hyperdisks.

dimension	per-month price
Hyperdisk Balanced provisioned space	$0.083 per GiB
Hyperdisk Balanced provisioned IOPS	$0.005 per IOPS provisioned
Hyperdisk Balanced provisioned throughput	$0.042 per MB/s provisioned
Hyperdisk Balanced High Availability provisioned space	$0.1664 per GiB

Just to play with an example, disk provisioned with: 100GiB space, 10K IOPs, 1000 MB/s BW, no HA (for simplicity), using the above table should give for cloudcost_gcp_gke_persistent_volume_usd_per_hour:

• currently is:

0.01137 [USD/hr] = 
  100 [GiB] * 0.083 [USD/GiB/mo]
  /
  (30.4 [day/mo] * 24 [hr/day])

• new should be:

0.1374 [USD/hr] =
  (100 [GiB] * 0.083 [USD/GiB/mo] + 10000 [IOps/mo] * 0.005 [USD/IOps/mo] + 1000 [MBsec] * 0.042 [USD/MBsec/mo])
  /
  (30.4 [day/mo] * 24 [hr/day] )

[Pokom]

Very strong plus one on the calculations. The only very minor nit to be added @jjo is that GCP charges for usage after a certain point. So it would be closer to

100 [GiB] * 0.083 [USD/GiB/mo] + (10000 - freeIOPS) [IOps/mo] * 0.005 [USD/IOps/mo] + (1000 - freeMBsec) [MBsec] * 0.042 [USD/MBsec/mo]

[jjo]

Very strong plus one on the calculations. The only very minor nit to be added @jjo is that GCP charges for usage after a certain point. So it would be closer to

100 [GiB] * 0.083 [USD/GiB/mo] + (10000 - freeIOPS) [IOps/mo] * 0.005 [USD/IOps/mo] + (1000 - freeMBsec) [MBsec] * 0.042 [USD/MBsec/mo]

+1 math-wise just be careful to not go negative on those factors (i.e. max(factor, 0)) , if for whatever reason the scraped IOps or MBsec happen to be below the free threshold.

[Pokom]

Very strong plus one on the calculations. The only very minor nit to be added @jjo is that GCP charges for usage after a certain point. So it would be closer to

100 [GiB] * 0.083 [USD/GiB/mo] + (10000 - freeIOPS) [IOps/mo] * 0.005 [USD/IOps/mo] + (1000 - freeMBsec) [MBsec] * 0.042 [USD/MBsec/mo]

+1 math-wise just be careful to not go negative on those factors (i.e. max(factor, 0)) , if for whatever reason the scraped IOps or MBsec happen to be below the free threshold.

Great call out! Effectively we need to do Math.Max(configuredDimension - freeDimension, freeDimension).

[jjo]

Very strong plus one on the calculations. The only very minor nit to be added @jjo is that GCP charges for usage after a certain point. So it would be closer to

100 [GiB] * 0.083 [USD/GiB/mo] + (10000 - freeIOPS) [IOps/mo] * 0.005 [USD/IOps/mo] + (1000 - freeMBsec) [MBsec] * 0.042 [USD/MBsec/mo]

+1 math-wise just be careful to not go negative on those factors (i.e. max(factor, 0)) , if for whatever reason the scraped IOps or MBsec happen to be below the free threshold.

Great call out! Effectively we need to do Math.Max(configuredDimension - freeDimension, freeDimension).

I think that's actually Math.Max(configuredDimension - freeDimension, 0) (i.e. no cost if not over free)

[Pokom]

I'm going to place this back into TODO until we are closer to adopting hyperdisks. For now we handle the storage costs, and the remaining task is to attribute costs for IOPS and the other dimensions. One key bit I learned from this is that we'll need to handle the SKU similar to what we do with CPU/Memory, and write out regex's to match properly. See https://github.com/grafana/cloudcost-exporter/compare/feat/hyperdisk-price-calculator?expand=1 for where I stopped. Specifically, https://github.com/grafana/cloudcost-exporter/compare/feat/hyperdisk-price-calculator?expand=1#diff-c58feeadbe3b07fb5e4ff69378e1db9ed311c68e971e6bcdc2d91828c7226089R196-R197 is where things started to break down and the naive implementation no longer works.