Currently the API doesn't expose the Extrusion Axis for faces of GeomType.EXTRUSION, it would be a nice addition.
Currently here is my workaround :
face: Face
extrusion_surface_wrapper: Geom_SurfaceOfLinearExtrusion = face.geom_adaptor()
axis_wrapper = extrusion_surface_wrapper.Direction()
axis = [axis.X(), axis.Y(), axis.Z()]