|
10 | 10 | **Date:** 17 December 2025 |
11 | 11 | **Status:** Preprint |
12 | 12 | **DOI:** [10.5281/zenodo.17860166](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17860166) |
13 | | -**Website:** [https://mlsmawfield.com/tep/gnss-iii/](https://mlsmawfield.com/tep/gnss-iii/) |
| 13 | +**Website:** [https://mlsmawfield.com/tep/gnss-iii/](https://mlsmawfield.com/tep/gnss-iii/) |
| 14 | +**ORCID:** [0009-0003-8219-3159](https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8219-3159) |
14 | 15 |
|
15 | 16 | ## Abstract |
16 | 17 |
|
@@ -98,30 +99,55 @@ python scripts/steps/step_2_0_raw_spp_analysis.py |
98 | 99 | | 2.6 | `step_2_6_planetary_events.py` | Planetary conjunction/opposition | |
99 | 100 | | 2.7 | `step_2_7_cmb_frame_analysis.py` | CMB frame grid search | |
100 | 101 |
|
101 | | -## Key Results |
| 102 | +## Summary of Key Results and Findings |
102 | 103 |
|
103 | | -**Dataset**: 539 stations × 3 years (2022–2024) = 1.17 billion pairs |
| 104 | +### Primary Results Table |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +| Metric | Value | Uncertainty | Significance | |
| 107 | +|--------|-------|-------------|--------------| |
| 108 | +| **Dataset Size** | 1.17 billion pair-samples | — | 539 stations | |
| 109 | +| **Temporal Coverage** | 3 years | 2022–2024 | Raw RINEX data | |
| 110 | +| **Signal Detection Rate** | 100% | 72/72 metric combinations | Mean R² = 0.93 | |
| 111 | +| **Processing** | Single Point Positioning (SPP) | Broadcast ephemerides | No precise products | |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +### Correlation Length by Processing Mode |
104 | 114 |
|
105 | 115 | | Mode | λ (km) | R² | Interpretation | |
106 | 116 | |------|--------|-----|----------------| |
107 | 117 | | **Baseline (GPS L1)** | 727 | 0.971 | Ionosphere included | |
108 | 118 | | **Ionofree (L1+L2)** | 1,072 | 0.973 | Ionosphere removed | |
109 | 119 | | **Multi-GNSS** | 815 | 0.928 | All constellations | |
| 120 | +| **CODE Cross-Validation** | 4,811 | — | Matches 25-year benchmark | |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +### Four Pillars of Validation |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +| Finding | Value | Significance | Comparison to CODE | |
| 125 | +|---------|-------|--------------|-------------------| |
| 126 | +| **Orbital Velocity Coupling** | r = −0.763 | 5.4σ | CODE: r = −0.888 ✓ | |
| 127 | +| **CMB Frame Alignment** | RA=188°, Dec=−5° | 20.0° from dipole | CODE: 18.2° ✓ | |
| 128 | +| **Spacetime Symmetry** | Δ ≈ 5% (pos/clock) | Identical coupling | Metric fluctuation | |
| 129 | +| **Planetary Modulation** | 2.8× above null | p < 0.001 | No GM/r² scaling | |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +### Directional Anisotropy (Short Distances <500 km) |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | +| Metric | E-W/N-S Ratio | t-statistic | Cohen's d | |
| 134 | +|--------|---------------|-------------|-----------| |
| 135 | +| **MSC Coherence** | 1.033 | — | — | |
| 136 | +| **Phase Alignment** | 1.224 | up to 112 | up to 0.304 | |
| 137 | +| **Temporal Stability** | 94–100% | 34–36/36 months | Persistent | |
| 138 | +| **Geometry-Corrected** | 1.80–1.86 | — | Matches CODE (2.16) within 17% | |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +### Robustness Tests |
110 | 141 |
|
111 | | -**Key Findings (4 Pillars)**: |
112 | | -- **Orbital Velocity Coupling**: r = −0.763 (5.4σ), independently replicating CODE's 25-year finding (r = −0.888). |
113 | | -- **CMB Frame Alignment**: Best-fit at RA = 188°, Dec = −5° (20.0° from CMB dipole, matching CODE's 18.2°). Solar Apex disfavored (86.5° separation). |
114 | | -- **Spacetime Symmetry**: Position jitter and clock bias exhibit identical orbital coupling (Δ ≈ 5%), consistent with spacetime metric fluctuation. |
115 | | -- **Planetary Modulation**: Coherence modulation detected around 37 planetary events (2.8× above null, p < 0.001) with no tidal GM/r² scaling, ruling out tidal forcing. |
| 142 | +| Test | Result | Interpretation | |
| 143 | +|------|--------|----------------| |
| 144 | +| **Geomagnetic (Kp) Independence** | Δλ ≈ −1% | Invariant under storm conditions | |
| 145 | +| **Filter Independence** | CV < 15% | All three filters converge | |
| 146 | +| **Solar Apex Rejection** | 86.5° separation | Disfavored vs CMB | |
116 | 147 |
|
117 | | -**Validation**: |
118 | | -- **Directional Anisotropy**: E-W > N-S at short distances (<500 km): Coherence 1.033, Phase Alignment 1.224 (p < 10⁻¹⁵). |
119 | | -- **Temporal Stability**: E-W > N-S detected in 94–100% of all 36 months across all processing modes. |
120 | | -- **Geometry-Corrected Ratio**: 1.80–1.86 (matches CODE's 2.16 within 17%). |
121 | | -- **Geomagnetic Independence**: Signal invariant under storm conditions (Kp<3 vs Kp≥3: median Δλ ≈ −1%). |
122 | | -- **Filter Independence**: All three station filters converge to consistent results (CV < 15%). |
| 148 | +### Key Interpretation |
123 | 149 |
|
124 | | -**CODE Cross-Validation**: Ionofree λ = 4,811 km (2024) matches CODE's 25-year benchmark (4,201 ± 1,967 km) |
| 150 | +This analysis eliminates the processing artifact hypothesis. By detecting the same signatures in raw RINEX observations processed with only broadcast ephemerides (no precise products), the findings demonstrate that distance-structured correlations exist in the fundamental data, not just sophisticated analysis center outputs. The replication of CODE's 25-year orbital velocity coupling (r = −0.763 vs r = −0.888) using completely independent methodology provides strong cross-validation. The identical coupling between position jitter and clock bias (Δ ≈ 5%) suggests spacetime metric fluctuations rather than clock-only effects—a key discriminant favoring TEP over instrumental explanations. |
125 | 151 |
|
126 | 152 | ## File Structure |
127 | 153 |
|
|
0 commit comments