If the output is limited using -max-size or -limit alterx still takes the same amount of time to finish as if no limit was applied. An optimization could be applied to exit early when the desired limit is exceeded.
For my test case I had an input file of 1000 subdomains with enrich enabled took 123 seconds.
With a limit of 350,000 set it still took ~123 seconds. With a file size limit it also took ~123 seconds.
The same happens without enrichment enabled, it always took 9 seconds with my input and permutations regardless of how low the limit was set.