diff --git a/.changeset/hip-flowers-relax.md b/.changeset/hip-flowers-relax.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..873feb92777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/hip-flowers-relax.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@smithy/snapshot-testing": patch
+---
+
+add response snapshot generation
diff --git a/.changeset/mean-hotels-report.md b/.changeset/mean-hotels-report.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..562312b3dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/mean-hotels-report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@smithy/core": patch
+---
+
+fix typo in thrown error message
diff --git a/api-snapshot/api.json b/api-snapshot/api.json
index 96bb2db831a..fd365507d93 100644
--- a/api-snapshot/api.json
+++ b/api-snapshot/api.json
@@ -489,6 +489,9 @@
     "validateSchema": "function, since <=0.0.0"
   },
   "@smithy/snapshot-testing": {
-    "SnapshotRunner": "function, since <=0.0.1"
+    "SnapshotRunner": "function, since <=0.0.1",
+    "customFields": "object, since 1.0.7",
+    "snapshotTestingProtocolResponseSerializers": "object, since 1.0.7",
+    "SnapshotProtocol": "function, since 1.0.7"
   }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/core/src/submodules/schema/schemas/NormalizedSchema.ts b/packages/core/src/submodules/schema/schemas/NormalizedSchema.ts
index a73ffa997bc..c60e975ae64 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/submodules/schema/schemas/NormalizedSchema.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/submodules/schema/schemas/NormalizedSchema.ts
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ export class NormalizedSchema implements INormalizedSchema {
     if (this.isDocumentSchema()) {
       return member([15 satisfies DocumentSchema, 0], memberName);
     }
-    throw new Error(`@smithy/core/schema - ${this.getName(true)} has no no member=${memberName}.`);
+    throw new Error(`@smithy/core/schema - ${this.getName(true)} has no member=${memberName}.`);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/EmptyInputOutput.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/EmptyInputOutput.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91bf5520e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/EmptyInputOutput.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/Float16.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/Float16.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d831585057a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/Float16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "value": 0
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 101, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 0
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  value: (number) 0,
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/FractionalSeconds.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/FractionalSeconds.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d7104797897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/FractionalSeconds.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "datetime": {
+    "tag": 1,
+    "value": 946702799.999
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 104, 100, 97, 116, 101, 116, 105, 109, 101, 193, 251, 65, 204, 54, 196, 231, 255, 223, 59
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  datetime: (Date) 12/31/1999, 11:59:59 PM,
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/GreetingWithErrors.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/GreetingWithErrors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2663f56fb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/GreetingWithErrors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "greeting": "__greeting__"
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 104, 103, 114, 101, 101, 116, 105, 110, 103, 108, 95, 95, 103, 114, 101, 101, 116, 105, 110, 103, 95, 95
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  greeting: "__greeting__",
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/NoInputOutput.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/NoInputOutput.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91bf5520e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/NoInputOutput.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/RecursiveShapes.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/RecursiveShapes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6515f6b184c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/RecursiveShapes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "nested": {
+    "foo": "__foo__",
+    "nested": {
+      "bar": "__bar__",
+      "recursiveMember": {
+        "foo": "__foo__",
+        "nested": {
+          "bar": "__bar__",
+          "recursiveMember": {}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 102, 110, 101, 115, 116, 101, 100, 162, 99, 102, 111, 111, 103, 95, 95, 102, 111, 111, 95, 95, 102, 110, 101,
+115, 116, 101, 100, 162, 99, 98, 97, 114, 103, 95, 95, 98, 97, 114, 95, 95, 111, 114, 101, 99, 117, 114, 115,
+105, 118, 101, 77, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 162, 99, 102, 111, 111, 103, 95, 95, 102, 111, 111, 95, 95, 102, 110,
+101, 115, 116, 101, 100, 162, 99, 98, 97, 114, 103, 95, 95, 98, 97, 114, 95, 95, 111, 114, 101, 99, 117, 114,
+115, 105, 118, 101, 77, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  nested: {
+    foo: "__foo__",
+    nested: {
+      bar: "__bar__",
+      recursiveMember: {
+        foo: "__foo__",
+        nested: {
+          bar: "__bar__",
+          recursiveMember: {}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/RpcV2CborSparseMaps.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/RpcV2CborSparseMaps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9fbcb3269b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/RpcV2CborSparseMaps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "sparseStructMap": {
+    "key1": {
+      "hi": "__hi__"
+    },
+    "key2": {
+      "hi": "__hi__"
+    }
+  },
+  "sparseNumberMap": {
+    "key1": 0,
+    "key2": 0
+  },
+  "sparseBooleanMap": {
+    "key1": false,
+    "key2": false
+  },
+  "sparseStringMap": {
+    "key1": "__value__",
+    "key2": "__value__"
+  },
+  "sparseSetMap": {
+    "key1": [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    "key2": [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+165, 111, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 83, 116, 114, 117, 99, 116, 77, 97, 112, 162, 100, 107, 101, 121, 49, 161,
+98, 104, 105, 102, 95, 95, 104, 105, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 161, 98, 104, 105, 102, 95, 95, 104, 105,
+95, 95, 111, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 78, 117, 109, 98, 101, 114, 77, 97, 112, 162, 100, 107, 101, 121, 49,
+0, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 0, 112, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110, 77, 97, 112,
+162, 100, 107, 101, 121, 49, 244, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 244, 111, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 83, 116, 114, 105,
+110, 103, 77, 97, 112, 162, 100, 107, 101, 121, 49, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101,
+121, 50, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 108, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 83, 101, 116, 77, 97,
+112, 162, 100, 107, 101, 121, 49, 131, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101,
+109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 131, 106,
+95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95,
+109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  sparseStructMap: {
+    key1: {
+      hi: "__hi__"
+    },
+    key2: {
+      hi: "__hi__"
+    }
+  },
+  sparseNumberMap: {
+    key1: (number) 0,
+    key2: (number) 0
+  },
+  sparseBooleanMap: {
+    key1: (boolean) false,
+    key2: (boolean) false
+  },
+  sparseStringMap: {
+    key1: "__value__",
+    key2: "__value__"
+  },
+  sparseSetMap: {
+    key1: [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    key2: [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/SimpleScalarProperties.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/SimpleScalarProperties.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b835b26050b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/SimpleScalarProperties.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "trueBooleanValue": false,
+  "falseBooleanValue": false,
+  "byteValue": 0,
+  "doubleValue": 0,
+  "floatValue": 0,
+  "integerValue": 0,
+  "longValue": 0,
+  "shortValue": 0,
+  "stringValue": "__stringValue__",
+  "blobValue": {
+    "type": "Buffer",
+    "data": [
+      1,
+      0,
+      0,
+      1
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+170, 112, 116, 114, 117, 101, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 244, 113, 102, 97, 108, 115,
+101, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 244, 105, 98, 121, 116, 101, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101,
+0, 107, 100, 111, 117, 98, 108, 101, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 0, 106, 102, 108, 111, 97, 116, 86, 97, 108, 117,
+101, 0, 108, 105, 110, 116, 101, 103, 101, 114, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 0, 105, 108, 111, 110, 103, 86, 97, 108,
+117, 101, 0, 106, 115, 104, 111, 114, 116, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 0, 107, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 86, 97,
+108, 117, 101, 111, 95, 95, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 105, 98, 108, 111, 98,
+86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  trueBooleanValue: (boolean) false,
+  falseBooleanValue: (boolean) false,
+  byteValue: (number) 0,
+  doubleValue: (number) 0,
+  floatValue: (number) 0,
+  integerValue: (number) 0,
+  longValue: (number) 0,
+  shortValue: (number) 0,
+  stringValue: "__stringValue__",
+  blobValue: (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/SparseNullsOperation.txt b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/SparseNullsOperation.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..981dccb04d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/integ-snapshots/res/SparseNullsOperation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "sparseStringList": [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  "sparseStringMap": {
+    "key1": "__value__",
+    "key2": "__value__"
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+162, 112, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 76, 105, 115, 116, 131, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101,
+109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98,
+101, 114, 95, 95, 111, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 77, 97, 112, 162, 100, 107, 101,
+121, 49, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117,
+101, 95, 95
+
+
+[output]
+{
+  sparseStringList: [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  sparseStringMap: {
+    key1: "__value__",
+    key2: "__value__"
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRequestHandler.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRequestHandler.ts
index 8fc8a81d8b0..03d5bc04b33 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRequestHandler.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRequestHandler.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ export interface SnapshotRequestHandlerOptions {
    * The serialized request will be pushed to the logger's trace method.
    */
   logger?: Logger;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional response to use.
+   */
+  response?: IHttpResponse;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -43,7 +48,11 @@ export class SnapshotRequestHandler implements HttpHandler<SnapshotRequestHandle
     request: IHttpRequest,
     handlerOptions: (HttpHandlerOptions & any) | undefined = {}
   ): Promise<RequestHandlerOutput<IHttpResponse>> {
-    const { logger } = this.config;
+    const { logger, response } = this.config;
+
+    if (response) {
+      return { response };
+    }
 
     const [client, [, namespace, name, traits, input, output], command] = [
       handlerOptions[Symbol.for("$client")],
@@ -65,9 +74,9 @@ export class SnapshotRequestHandler implements HttpHandler<SnapshotRequestHandle
     throw new RequestSnapshotCompleted();
   }
 
-  public updateHttpClientConfig(
-    key: keyof SnapshotRequestHandlerOptions,
-    value: SnapshotRequestHandlerOptions[typeof key]
+  public updateHttpClientConfig<K extends keyof SnapshotRequestHandlerOptions>(
+    key: K,
+    value: SnapshotRequestHandlerOptions[K]
   ): void {
     this.config[key] = value;
   }
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRunner.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRunner.ts
index 9551e79748a..0664f6f416a 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRunner.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/SnapshotRunner.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 import { NormalizedSchema } from "@smithy/core/schema";
-import { HttpRequest } from "@smithy/protocol-http";
-import type {
-  BuildMiddleware,
-  Client,
-  Command,
-  FinalizeRequestMiddleware,
-  Logger,
-  StaticOperationSchema,
-} from "@smithy/types";
+import type { Client, Command, HttpResponse as IHttpResponse, Logger, StaticOperationSchema } from "@smithy/types";
 import { readFileSync } from "fs";
 import { accessSync, constants, existsSync, mkdirSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
 
+import { snapshotTestingProtocolResponseSerializers } from "./protocols/index";
+import { serializeDocument } from "./serializers/serializeDocument";
+import { serializeHttpResponse } from "./serializers/serializeHttpResponse";
 import { RequestSnapshotCompleted } from "./snapshot-testing-types";
 import { SnapshotRequestHandler } from "./SnapshotRequestHandler";
 import { createFromSchema } from "./structure/createFromSchema";
@@ -109,10 +104,11 @@ export class SnapshotRunner {
 
     const promises = [] as Promise<void>[];
 
+    // requests
     for (const [schema, CommandCtor] of schemas) {
       const operationName = CommandCtor.name.replace(/Command$/, "");
 
-      const testCaseExec = testCase(operationName, async () => {
+      const testCaseExec = testCase(operationName + " (request)", async () => {
         let buf = ``;
         const logger = {
           ...console,
@@ -158,6 +154,80 @@ export class SnapshotRunner {
       promises.push(Promise.resolve(testCaseExec));
     }
 
+    // responses
+    for (const [schema, CommandCtor] of schemas) {
+      const operationName = CommandCtor.name.replace(/Command$/, "");
+
+      const testCaseExec = testCase(operationName + " (response)", async () => {
+        let buf = ``;
+        const logger = {
+          ...console,
+          trace(msg: string) {
+            buf += msg;
+          },
+        };
+
+        const client = this.initClient(Client, { endpoint: "https://localhost", logger });
+        const protocolId = client.config.protocol.getShapeId();
+
+        for (const options of [{ mode: "min" }, { mode: "max" }] as const) {
+          if (options.mode === "min") {
+            logger.trace("=".repeat(24) + ` minimal response ` + "=".repeat(24));
+          } else {
+            logger.trace("=".repeat(24) + ` w/ optional fields ` + "=".repeat(24));
+          }
+          logger.trace("\n");
+
+          const snapshotProtocol = snapshotTestingProtocolResponseSerializers[protocolId];
+          if (!snapshotProtocol) {
+            throw new Error(`No response serializer found for protocol: ${protocolId}`);
+          }
+          snapshotProtocol.setSerdeContext(client.config);
+
+          // copies to allow two types of serializers to read the response stream.
+          const [r1, r2] = [
+            await snapshotProtocol.serializeResponse(schema, createFromSchema(schema[5], undefined, options)),
+            await snapshotProtocol.serializeResponse(schema, createFromSchema(schema[5], undefined, options)),
+          ];
+
+          const serialization = await serializeHttpResponse(r1);
+          logger.trace(serialization);
+
+          const command = new CommandCtor(createFromSchema(schema[4 /*input*/]));
+          client.config.requestHandler = new SnapshotRequestHandler({
+            response: r2,
+          });
+          const output = await client.send(command);
+          const outputSerialization = await serializeDocument(output);
+
+          logger.trace("\n\n--- [output object] ---\n");
+          logger.trace(outputSerialization);
+          logger.trace("\n\n");
+        }
+
+        const snapshotPath = join(snapshotDirPath, "res", operationName + ".txt");
+        const containerFolder = dirname(snapshotPath);
+        if (!existsSync(containerFolder)) {
+          mkdirSync(containerFolder, { recursive: true });
+        }
+
+        if (mode === "compare") {
+          const canonical = readFileSync(snapshotPath, "utf-8");
+          if (assertions) {
+            assertions(operationName, canonical, buf);
+          } else {
+            if (canonical !== buf) {
+              throw new Error(`Deserialization for ${CommandCtor.name} does not match snapshot on disk.`);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          writeFileSync(snapshotPath, buf, "utf-8");
+        }
+      });
+
+      promises.push(Promise.resolve(testCaseExec));
+    }
+
     return Promise.all(promises).then(() => {});
   }
 
@@ -174,18 +244,7 @@ export class SnapshotRunner {
     CommandCtor: $CommandCtor;
     endpoint?: string;
   }) {
-    const client = new Client({
-      region: "us-east-1",
-      credentials: {
-        accessKeyId: "MOCK_ak",
-        secretAccessKey: "MOCK_sak",
-      },
-      apiKey: { apiKey: "MOCK_api_key" },
-      endpoint,
-      requestHandler: new SnapshotRequestHandler({
-        logger,
-      }),
-    });
+    const client = this.initClient(Client, { endpoint, logger });
     const [, namespace, name, traits, input, output] = schema;
     const command = new CommandCtor(createFromSchema(input));
 
@@ -203,7 +262,7 @@ export class SnapshotRunner {
       [Symbol.for("$client")]: client,
       [Symbol.for("$command")]: command,
     };
-    await client.send(command, snapshotMetadata).catch((e) => {
+    await client.send(command, snapshotMetadata).catch((e: any) => {
       switch (e.name) {
         case "EndpointError":
           return this.executeCommand({
@@ -219,6 +278,25 @@ export class SnapshotRunner {
     });
   }
 
+  private initClient(
+    Client: any,
+    { endpoint, logger, response }: { endpoint?: string; logger?: Logger; response?: IHttpResponse }
+  ): any {
+    return new Client({
+      region: "us-east-1",
+      credentials: {
+        accessKeyId: "MOCK_ak",
+        secretAccessKey: "MOCK_sak",
+      },
+      apiKey: { apiKey: "MOCK_api_key" },
+      endpoint,
+      requestHandler: new SnapshotRequestHandler({
+        logger,
+        response,
+      }),
+    });
+  }
+
   private getEventStreamStaticSignatureMiddleware = (next: any, context: any) => async (args: any) => {
     context.__staticSignature = true;
     return next(args);
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/index.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/index.ts
index 2e57d80609c..dd016d58d07 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/index.ts
@@ -1,2 +1,15 @@
 export { SnapshotRunner } from "./SnapshotRunner";
 export { customFields } from "./structure/createFromSchema";
+
+/**
+ * Extend this to create additional snapshot response serializers.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export { SnapshotProtocol } from "./protocols/SnapshotProtocol";
+
+/**
+ * Add additional SnapshotProtocol to this object, key by protocol ShapeId.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export { snapshotTestingProtocolResponseSerializers } from "./protocols/index";
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6465e16319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { CborCodec } from "@smithy/core/cbor";
+import { NormalizedSchema } from "@smithy/core/schema";
+import type { HttpResponse, StaticOperationSchema } from "@smithy/types";
+
+import type { SnapshotServerProtocol } from "../snapshot-testing-types";
+import { SnapshotProtocol } from "./SnapshotProtocol";
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export class SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol extends SnapshotProtocol implements SnapshotServerProtocol {
+  private codec = new CborCodec();
+  private serializer = this.codec.createSerializer();
+  private deserializer = this.codec.createDeserializer();
+
+  public getShapeId(): string {
+    return "smithy.protocols#rpcv2Cbor";
+  }
+
+  public async serializeResponse(operationSchema: StaticOperationSchema, output: any): Promise<HttpResponse> {
+    const $output = NormalizedSchema.of(operationSchema[5]);
+    const eventStreamMember = $output.getEventStreamMember();
+
+    const response: HttpResponse = {
+      statusCode: 200,
+      headers: {
+        "smithy-protocol": "rpc-v2-cbor",
+        "content-type": "application/cbor",
+      },
+    };
+
+    if (eventStreamMember) {
+      const eventStreamSerde = this.getEventStreamSerde(this.serializer, this.deserializer);
+
+      if (output[eventStreamMember]?.[Symbol.asyncIterator]) {
+        response.body = await eventStreamSerde.serializeEventStream({
+          eventStream: output[eventStreamMember],
+          requestSchema: $output,
+        });
+      } else {
+        response.body = {
+          async *[Symbol.asyncIterator]() {},
+        };
+      }
+    } else {
+      const { serializer } = this;
+      serializer.write($output, output);
+      // refrain from wrapping in Readable so the snapshot can use object view on the bytes.
+      response.body = serializer.flush();
+    }
+
+    return response;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/SnapshotProtocol.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/SnapshotProtocol.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c4011f56f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/SnapshotProtocol.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { EventStreamSerde } from "@smithy/core/event-streams";
+import { SerdeContext } from "@smithy/core/protocols";
+import type {
+  $ShapeDeserializer,
+  $ShapeSerializer,
+  EventStreamMarshaller,
+  EventStreamSerdeContext,
+  HttpResponse,
+  StaticOperationSchema,
+} from "@smithy/types";
+
+import type { SnapshotServerProtocol } from "../snapshot-testing-types";
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export abstract class SnapshotProtocol extends SerdeContext implements SnapshotServerProtocol {
+  public abstract getShapeId(): string;
+
+  public abstract serializeResponse<Output extends object>(
+    operationSchema: StaticOperationSchema,
+    output: Output
+  ): Promise<HttpResponse>;
+
+  protected getEventStreamSerde(serializer: $ShapeSerializer, deserializer: $ShapeDeserializer) {
+    return new EventStreamSerde({
+      marshaller: this.getEventStreamMarshaller(),
+      serializer,
+      deserializer,
+      defaultContentType: "application/cbor",
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected getEventStreamMarshaller(): EventStreamMarshaller {
+    const context = this.serdeContext as unknown as EventStreamSerdeContext;
+    if (!context.eventStreamMarshaller) {
+      throw new Error("@smithy/core - HttpProtocol: eventStreamMarshaller missing in serdeContext.");
+    }
+    return context.eventStreamMarshaller;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/index.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2c72ba1cada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/protocols/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol } from "./SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol";
+
+const smithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol = new SmithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol();
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const snapshotTestingProtocolResponseSerializers = {
+  [smithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol.getShapeId()]: smithyRpcV2CborSnapshotProtocol,
+};
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/ContentTypeDetection.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/ContentTypeDetection.ts
index 1e0755ef72e..b8c7c5eef82 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/ContentTypeDetection.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/ContentTypeDetection.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import { fromUtf8, toUtf8 } from "@smithy/util-utf8";
 
 import { serializeBytes } from "./serializeBytes";
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
 export class ContentTypeDetection {
   protected r!: {
     headers: HeaderBag;
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotEventStreamSerializer.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotEventStreamSerializer.ts
index 1cec69969c3..49e9ec0b41a 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotEventStreamSerializer.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotEventStreamSerializer.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ import { toHex } from "@smithy/util-hex-encoding";
 import { toUtf8 } from "@smithy/util-utf8";
 
 import { ContentTypeDetection } from "./ContentTypeDetection";
+import { serializeDate } from "./serializeDate";
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
 export class SnapshotEventStreamSerializer extends ContentTypeDetection {
   private headers: Message["headers"] = {};
 
@@ -175,18 +179,7 @@ function serializeEventHeaders(headers: Message["headers"]): string {
     if (type === "string") {
       b += `${k}: ${value}\n`;
     } else if (value instanceof Date) {
-      b += `${k}: ${value.toLocaleString("en-US", {
-        timeZone: "America/Los_Angeles",
-        weekday: "short",
-        year: "numeric",
-        month: "short",
-        day: "numeric",
-        hour: "numeric",
-        minute: "2-digit",
-        second: "2-digit",
-        timeZoneName: "long",
-        hour12: false,
-      })} (${type})\n`;
+      b += `${k}: ${serializeDate(value)} (${type})\n`;
     } else {
       b += `${k}: ${value} (${type})\n`;
     }
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotPayloadSerializer.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotPayloadSerializer.ts
index 2df1ecf17b0..bbf77c902d6 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotPayloadSerializer.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/SnapshotPayloadSerializer.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ import type { PayloadWithHeaders } from "../snapshot-testing-types";
 import { ContentTypeDetection } from "./ContentTypeDetection";
 import { SnapshotEventStreamSerializer } from "./SnapshotEventStreamSerializer";
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
 export class SnapshotPayloadSerializer extends ContentTypeDetection {
   public constructor(protected r: PayloadWithHeaders) {
     super();
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeBytes.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeBytes.ts
index 1e18e6430dc..e727eec64b1 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeBytes.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeBytes.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ export function serializeBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
   return `${objectString}\n\n[actual bytes]\n${byteList}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
 export function bytesToString(bytes: Uint8Array) {
   const items = Array.from(bytes).map((b) => String(b));
   const lines = [];
@@ -20,6 +23,9 @@ export function bytesToString(bytes: Uint8Array) {
   return lines.join(",\n");
 }
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
 export function debugBytes(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
   const object = cbor.deserialize(bytes);
 
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeDate.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeDate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..527beacbff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeDate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+export const serializeDate = (d: Date) =>
+  d.toLocaleString("en-US", {
+    timeZone: "America/Los_Angeles",
+    weekday: "short",
+    year: "numeric",
+    month: "short",
+    day: "numeric",
+    hour: "numeric",
+    minute: "2-digit",
+    second: "2-digit",
+    timeZoneName: "long",
+    hour12: false,
+  });
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeDocument.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeDocument.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b54bc5656c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeDocument.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { serializeDate } from "./serializeDate";
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export async function serializeDocument(doc: any, indent = 0): Promise<string> {
+  const spaces = " ".repeat(indent);
+  const type = doc instanceof Date ? "Date" : doc instanceof Uint8Array ? "Uint8Array" : typeof doc;
+
+  if (doc === null) {
+    return `${spaces}(null)`;
+  }
+  if (doc === undefined) {
+    return `${spaces}(undefined)`;
+  }
+  if (doc instanceof Date) {
+    return `${spaces}(Date) ${serializeDate(doc)}`;
+  }
+  if (doc instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    return `${spaces}(Uint8Array) bytes[${Array.from(doc).join(", ")}]`;
+  }
+  if (typeof doc !== "object") {
+    if (type === "string") {
+      return `${spaces}"${doc}"`;
+    }
+    return `${spaces}(${type}) ${doc}`;
+  }
+
+  if (doc[Symbol.asyncIterator]) {
+    const values = [];
+    for await (const value of doc) {
+      values.push(await serializeDocument(value, indent + 2));
+    }
+    if (values.length === 0) {
+      return `${spaces}async_it[<empty>]`;
+    }
+    return `${spaces}async_it[\n${values.join(",\n")}\n${spaces}]`;
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(doc)) {
+    if (doc.length === 0) {
+      return `${spaces}[]`;
+    }
+    const serialized = await Promise.all(doc.map((v) => serializeDocument(v, indent + 2)));
+    return `${spaces}[\n${serialized.join(",\n")}\n${spaces}]`;
+  }
+
+  const keys = Object.keys(doc);
+  if (keys.length === 0) {
+    return `${spaces}{}`;
+  }
+  const serialized = await Promise.all(
+    keys.map(async (k) => `${" ".repeat(indent + 2)}${k}: ${(await serializeDocument(doc[k], indent + 2)).trim()}`)
+  );
+  return `${spaces}{\n${serialized.join(",\n")}\n${spaces}}`;
+}
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpRequest.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpRequest.ts
index 55c5284ede7..7f17cbbac7e 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpRequest.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpRequest.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import { SnapshotPayloadSerializer } from "./SnapshotPayloadSerializer";
 /**
  * Serialize an http request to string for snapshotting.
  * @param request
+ *
+ * @internal
  */
 export async function serializeHttpRequest(request: IHttpRequest): Promise<string> {
   const { method, protocol, hostname, port, path, query, headers, username, password, fragment, body } = request;
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpResponse.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpResponse.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c402def1409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/serializers/serializeHttpResponse.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import type { HttpResponse } from "@smithy/types";
+
+import { SnapshotPayloadSerializer } from "./SnapshotPayloadSerializer";
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export async function serializeHttpResponse(r: HttpResponse): Promise<string> {
+  const { statusCode, headers } = r;
+
+  let headerLines = ``;
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(headers ?? {})) {
+    headerLines += `${k}: ${v}\n`;
+  }
+
+  const [bodyAnnotation, bodySnapshot] = await new SnapshotPayloadSerializer(r).toStringAsync();
+
+  return `[status] ${statusCode}
+  
+${headerLines}
+${bodyAnnotation}
+${bodySnapshot}
+`;
+}
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/snapshot-testing-types.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/snapshot-testing-types.ts
index 241c239245b..761fa5b42b7 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/snapshot-testing-types.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/snapshot-testing-types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import type { HttpRequest as IHttpRequest, HttpResponse as IHttpResponse } from "@smithy/types";
+import type {
+  HttpRequest as IHttpRequest,
+  HttpResponse,
+  HttpResponse as IHttpResponse,
+  StaticOperationSchema,
+} from "@smithy/types";
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -11,3 +16,17 @@ export type PayloadWithHeaders = Pick<IHttpRequest, "body" | "headers"> | Pick<I
 export class RequestSnapshotCompleted extends Error {
   public snapshotComplete = true;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Server protocol for snapshot testing.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface SnapshotServerProtocol {
+  getShapeId(): string;
+
+  serializeResponse<Output extends object>(
+    operationSchema: StaticOperationSchema,
+    output: Output
+  ): Promise<HttpResponse>;
+}
diff --git a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/structure/createFromSchema.ts b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/structure/createFromSchema.ts
index 4903fbd7af1..47709999691 100644
--- a/packages/snapshot-testing/src/structure/createFromSchema.ts
+++ b/packages/snapshot-testing/src/structure/createFromSchema.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { NormalizedSchema } from "@smithy/core/schema";
 import { NumericValue } from "@smithy/core/serde";
-import type { $SchemaRef } from "@smithy/types";
+import type { $SchemaRef, StaticStructureSchema } from "@smithy/types";
 
 /**
  * Creates a static value for a given schema.
@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ import type { $SchemaRef } from "@smithy/types";
  *
  * @param schema - for which to generate an object.
  * @param path - to cut off recursive schema at a certain depth.
+ * @param options
+ * @param options.mode - 'min' or 'max' for generating optional members.
  */
-export function createFromSchema(schema: $SchemaRef, path = ""): any {
+export function createFromSchema(schema: $SchemaRef, path = "", options: { mode?: "min" | "max" } = {}): any {
+  const { mode = "max" } = options;
   const $ = NormalizedSchema.of(schema);
 
   const memberName = $.isMemberSchema() ? $.getMemberName() : "____";
@@ -46,9 +49,9 @@ export function createFromSchema(schema: $SchemaRef, path = ""): any {
       return map;
     }
     const $v = $.getValueSchema();
-    map.key1 = createFromSchema($v, path + "$k1");
-    map.key2 = createFromSchema($v, path + "$k2");
-    map.key2 = createFromSchema($v, path + "$k3");
+    map.key1 = createFromSchema($v, path + "$k1", options);
+    map.key2 = createFromSchema($v, path + "$k2", options);
+    map.key2 = createFromSchema($v, path + "$k3", options);
     return map;
   } else if ($.isListSchema()) {
     const list = [] as any;
@@ -57,13 +60,14 @@ export function createFromSchema(schema: $SchemaRef, path = ""): any {
     }
     const $v = $.getValueSchema();
     list.push(
-      createFromSchema($v, path + "$l1"),
-      createFromSchema($v, path + "$l2"),
-      createFromSchema($v, path + "$l3")
+      createFromSchema($v, path + "$l1", options),
+      createFromSchema($v, path + "$l2", options),
+      createFromSchema($v, path + "$l3", options)
     );
     return list;
   } else if ($.isStructSchema()) {
     const isUnion = $.isUnionSchema();
+    const requiredMembers = ($.getSchema() as StaticStructureSchema)[6] ?? 0;
     const isEventStream = isUnion && $.isStreaming();
     const struct = {} as any;
     if (isEventStream) {
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ export function createFromSchema(schema: $SchemaRef, path = ""): any {
         async *[Symbol.asyncIterator]() {
           for (const [memberName, $member] of $.structIterator()) {
             yield {
-              [memberName]: createFromSchema($member, path),
+              [memberName]: createFromSchema($member, path, options),
             };
           }
         },
@@ -88,8 +92,11 @@ export function createFromSchema(schema: $SchemaRef, path = ""): any {
       let i = 0;
 
       for (const [memberName, $member] of $.structIterator()) {
+        if (i >= requiredMembers && mode === "min") {
+          break;
+        }
         if (!isUnion || i++ === unionMemberSelector) {
-          struct[memberName] = createFromSchema($member, path);
+          struct[memberName] = createFromSchema($member, path, options);
           if (isUnion) {
             break;
           }
diff --git a/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/CamelCaseOperation.txt b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/CamelCaseOperation.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f4ab543c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/CamelCaseOperation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "token": "__token__",
+  "results": [
+    {
+      "type": "Buffer",
+      "data": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        1
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "Buffer",
+      "data": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        1
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "Buffer",
+      "data": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        1
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+162, 101, 116, 111, 107, 101, 110, 105, 95, 95, 116, 111, 107, 101, 110, 95, 95, 103, 114, 101, 115, 117, 108, 116,
+115, 131, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  token: "__token__",
+  results: [
+    (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+    (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+    (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1]
+  ],
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/GetNumbers.txt b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/GetNumbers.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4dca55c9daf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/GetNumbers.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "bigDecimal": {
+    "string": "9876543210.0123456789",
+    "type": "bigDecimal"
+  },
+  "bigInteger": 1000001,
+  "numbers": [
+    0,
+    0,
+    0
+  ],
+  "nextToken": "__nextToken__"
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+164, 106, 98, 105, 103, 68, 101, 99, 105, 109, 97, 108, 196, 130, 41, 194, 73, 5, 90, 165, 77, 54, 159, 210,
+53, 21, 106, 98, 105, 103, 73, 110, 116, 101, 103, 101, 114, 26, 0, 15, 66, 65, 103, 110, 117, 109, 98, 101,
+114, 115, 131, 0, 0, 0, 105, 110, 101, 120, 116, 84, 111, 107, 101, 110, 109, 95, 95, 110, 101, 120, 116, 84,
+111, 107, 101, 110, 95, 95
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  bigDecimal: {
+    string: "9876543210.0123456789",
+    type: "bigDecimal"
+  },
+  bigInteger: (number) 1000001,
+  numbers: [
+    (number) 0,
+    (number) 0,
+    (number) 0
+  ],
+  nextToken: "__nextToken__",
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/HttpLabelCommand.txt b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/HttpLabelCommand.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a037cbe9d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/HttpLabelCommand.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/TradeEventStream.txt b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/TradeEventStream.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4f858614ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/my-local-model-schema/test/snapshots/res/TradeEventStream.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[async_iterable (Object)]
+
+
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  eventStream: async_it[<empty>],
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[async_iterable (Readable)]
+
+[chunk (event-stream object view)]
+  [total-size] 122 [header-size] 75 [prelude-crc] 927907615
+:event-type: alpha
+:message-type: event
+:content-type: application/cbor
+
+[cbor object view]
+{
+  "id": "__id__",
+  "timestamp": {
+    "tag": 1,
+    "value": 946702799.999
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+162, 98, 105, 100, 102, 95, 95, 105, 100, 95, 95, 105, 116, 105, 109, 101, 115, 116, 97, 109, 112, 193, 251, 65,
+204, 54, 196, 231, 255, 223, 59
+
+[message-crc] 2274737008
+============================================================
+
+[chunk (event-stream object view)]
+  [total-size] 91 [header-size] 74 [prelude-crc] 3169356093
+:event-type: beta
+:message-type: event
+:content-type: application/cbor
+
+[cbor object view]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+[message-crc] 3285270063
+============================================================
+
+[chunk (event-stream object view)]
+  [total-size] 92 [header-size] 75 [prelude-crc] 2043635131
+:event-type: gamma
+:message-type: event
+:content-type: application/cbor
+
+[cbor object view]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+[message-crc] 2477278713
+============================================================
+
+[chunk (b64)]
+Cg==
+
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  eventStream: async_it[
+    {
+      alpha: {
+        id: "__id__",
+        timestamp: (Date) Fri, Dec 31, 1999, 20:59:59 Pacific Standard Time
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      beta: {}
+    },
+    {
+      gamma: {}
+    }
+  ],
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/EmptyInputOutput.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/EmptyInputOutput.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a037cbe9d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/EmptyInputOutput.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/Float16.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/Float16.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dafd4839085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/Float16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "value": 0
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 101, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 0
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  value: (number) 0,
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/FractionalSeconds.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/FractionalSeconds.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02d393d56a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/FractionalSeconds.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "datetime": {
+    "tag": 1,
+    "value": 946702799.999
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 104, 100, 97, 116, 101, 116, 105, 109, 101, 193, 251, 65, 204, 54, 196, 231, 255, 223, 59
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  datetime: (Date) Fri, Dec 31, 1999, 20:59:59 Pacific Standard Time,
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/GreetingWithErrors.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/GreetingWithErrors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ae7b8bbf6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/GreetingWithErrors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "greeting": "__greeting__"
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 104, 103, 114, 101, 101, 116, 105, 110, 103, 108, 95, 95, 103, 114, 101, 101, 116, 105, 110, 103, 95, 95
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  greeting: "__greeting__",
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/NoInputOutput.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/NoInputOutput.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a037cbe9d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/NoInputOutput.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/OperationWithDefaults.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/OperationWithDefaults.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9091423a378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/OperationWithDefaults.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "defaultString": "__defaultString__",
+  "defaultBoolean": false,
+  "defaultList": [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  "defaultTimestamp": {
+    "tag": 1,
+    "value": 946702799.999
+  },
+  "defaultBlob": {
+    "type": "Buffer",
+    "data": [
+      1,
+      0,
+      0,
+      1
+    ]
+  },
+  "defaultByte": 0,
+  "defaultShort": 0,
+  "defaultInteger": 0,
+  "defaultLong": 0,
+  "defaultFloat": 0,
+  "defaultDouble": 0,
+  "defaultMap": {
+    "key1": "__value__",
+    "key2": "__value__"
+  },
+  "defaultEnum": "__defaultEnum__",
+  "defaultIntEnum": 0,
+  "emptyString": "__emptyString__",
+  "falseBoolean": false,
+  "emptyBlob": {
+    "type": "Buffer",
+    "data": [
+      1,
+      0,
+      0,
+      1
+    ]
+  },
+  "zeroByte": 0,
+  "zeroShort": 0,
+  "zeroInteger": 0,
+  "zeroLong": 0,
+  "zeroFloat": 0,
+  "zeroDouble": 0
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+183, 109, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 113, 95, 95, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108,
+116, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 95, 95, 110, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110,
+244, 107, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 76, 105, 115, 116, 131, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95,
+95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 112,
+100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 84, 105, 109, 101, 115, 116, 97, 109, 112, 193, 251, 65, 204, 54, 196, 231, 255,
+223, 59, 107, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 66, 108, 111, 98, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1, 107, 100, 101, 102, 97,
+117, 108, 116, 66, 121, 116, 101, 0, 108, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 83, 104, 111, 114, 116, 0, 110, 100,
+101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 73, 110, 116, 101, 103, 101, 114, 0, 107, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 76, 111,
+110, 103, 0, 108, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 70, 108, 111, 97, 116, 0, 109, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108,
+116, 68, 111, 117, 98, 108, 101, 0, 106, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 77, 97, 112, 162, 100, 107, 101, 121,
+49, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101,
+95, 95, 107, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 69, 110, 117, 109, 111, 95, 95, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116,
+69, 110, 117, 109, 95, 95, 110, 100, 101, 102, 97, 117, 108, 116, 73, 110, 116, 69, 110, 117, 109, 0, 107, 101,
+109, 112, 116, 121, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 111, 95, 95, 101, 109, 112, 116, 121, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103,
+95, 95, 108, 102, 97, 108, 115, 101, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110, 244, 105, 101, 109, 112, 116, 121, 66, 108,
+111, 98, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1, 104, 122, 101, 114, 111, 66, 121, 116, 101, 0, 105, 122, 101, 114, 111, 83, 104,
+111, 114, 116, 0, 107, 122, 101, 114, 111, 73, 110, 116, 101, 103, 101, 114, 0, 104, 122, 101, 114, 111, 76, 111,
+110, 103, 0, 105, 122, 101, 114, 111, 70, 108, 111, 97, 116, 0, 106, 122, 101, 114, 111, 68, 111, 117, 98, 108,
+101, 0
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  defaultString: "__defaultString__",
+  defaultBoolean: (boolean) false,
+  defaultList: [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  defaultTimestamp: (Date) Fri, Dec 31, 1999, 20:59:59 Pacific Standard Time,
+  defaultBlob: (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+  defaultByte: (number) 0,
+  defaultShort: (number) 0,
+  defaultInteger: (number) 0,
+  defaultLong: (number) 0,
+  defaultFloat: (number) 0,
+  defaultDouble: (number) 0,
+  defaultMap: {
+    key1: "__value__",
+    key2: "__value__"
+  },
+  defaultEnum: "__defaultEnum__",
+  defaultIntEnum: (number) 0,
+  emptyString: "__emptyString__",
+  falseBoolean: (boolean) false,
+  emptyBlob: (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+  zeroByte: (number) 0,
+  zeroShort: (number) 0,
+  zeroInteger: (number) 0,
+  zeroLong: (number) 0,
+  zeroFloat: (number) 0,
+  zeroDouble: (number) 0,
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/OptionalInputOutput.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/OptionalInputOutput.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d9149c92dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/OptionalInputOutput.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "value": "__value__"
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+161, 101, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  value: "__value__",
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RecursiveShapes.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RecursiveShapes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..812056399b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RecursiveShapes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "nested": {
+    "foo": "__foo__",
+    "nested": {
+      "bar": "__bar__",
+      "recursiveMember": {
+        "foo": "__foo__",
+        "nested": {
+          "bar": "__bar__",
+          "recursiveMember": {}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
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+115, 116, 101, 100, 162, 99, 98, 97, 114, 103, 95, 95, 98, 97, 114, 95, 95, 111, 114, 101, 99, 117, 114, 115,
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+115, 105, 118, 101, 77, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  nested: {
+    foo: "__foo__",
+    nested: {
+      bar: "__bar__",
+      recursiveMember: {
+        foo: "__foo__",
+        nested: {
+          bar: "__bar__",
+          recursiveMember: {}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborDenseMaps.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborDenseMaps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de09cdd0a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborDenseMaps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "denseStructMap": {
+    "key1": {
+      "hi": "__hi__"
+    },
+    "key2": {
+      "hi": "__hi__"
+    }
+  },
+  "denseNumberMap": {
+    "key1": 0,
+    "key2": 0
+  },
+  "denseBooleanMap": {
+    "key1": false,
+    "key2": false
+  },
+  "denseStringMap": {
+    "key1": "__value__",
+    "key2": "__value__"
+  },
+  "denseSetMap": {
+    "key1": [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    "key2": [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
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+104, 105, 102, 95, 95, 104, 105, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 161, 98, 104, 105, 102, 95, 95, 104, 105, 95,
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+114, 95, 95
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  denseStructMap: {
+    key1: {
+      hi: "__hi__"
+    },
+    key2: {
+      hi: "__hi__"
+    }
+  },
+  denseNumberMap: {
+    key1: (number) 0,
+    key2: (number) 0
+  },
+  denseBooleanMap: {
+    key1: (boolean) false,
+    key2: (boolean) false
+  },
+  denseStringMap: {
+    key1: "__value__",
+    key2: "__value__"
+  },
+  denseSetMap: {
+    key1: [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    key2: [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborLists.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..873701ba196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "stringList": [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  "stringSet": [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  "integerList": [
+    0,
+    0,
+    0
+  ],
+  "booleanList": [
+    false,
+    false,
+    false
+  ],
+  "timestampList": [
+    {
+      "tag": 1,
+      "value": 946702799.999
+    },
+    {
+      "tag": 1,
+      "value": 946702799.999
+    },
+    {
+      "tag": 1,
+      "value": 946702799.999
+    }
+  ],
+  "enumList": [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  "intEnumList": [
+    0,
+    0,
+    0
+  ],
+  "nestedStringList": [
+    [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  ],
+  "structureList": [
+    {
+      "a": "__a__",
+      "b": "__b__"
+    },
+    {
+      "a": "__a__",
+      "b": "__b__"
+    },
+    {
+      "a": "__a__",
+      "b": "__b__"
+    }
+  ],
+  "blobList": [
+    {
+      "type": "Buffer",
+      "data": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        1
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "Buffer",
+      "data": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        1
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "Buffer",
+      "data": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        1
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
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+68, 1, 0, 0, 1
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  stringList: [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  stringSet: [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  integerList: [
+    (number) 0,
+    (number) 0,
+    (number) 0
+  ],
+  booleanList: [
+    (boolean) false,
+    (boolean) false,
+    (boolean) false
+  ],
+  timestampList: [
+    (Date) Fri, Dec 31, 1999, 20:59:59 Pacific Standard Time,
+    (Date) Fri, Dec 31, 1999, 20:59:59 Pacific Standard Time,
+    (Date) Fri, Dec 31, 1999, 20:59:59 Pacific Standard Time
+  ],
+  enumList: [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  intEnumList: [
+    (number) 0,
+    (number) 0,
+    (number) 0
+  ],
+  nestedStringList: [
+    [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  ],
+  structureList: [
+    {
+      a: "__a__",
+      b: "__b__"
+    },
+    {
+      a: "__a__",
+      b: "__b__"
+    },
+    {
+      a: "__a__",
+      b: "__b__"
+    }
+  ],
+  blobList: [
+    (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+    (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+    (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1]
+  ],
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborSparseMaps.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborSparseMaps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1eef1059ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/RpcV2CborSparseMaps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "sparseStructMap": {
+    "key1": {
+      "hi": "__hi__"
+    },
+    "key2": {
+      "hi": "__hi__"
+    }
+  },
+  "sparseNumberMap": {
+    "key1": 0,
+    "key2": 0
+  },
+  "sparseBooleanMap": {
+    "key1": false,
+    "key2": false
+  },
+  "sparseStringMap": {
+    "key1": "__value__",
+    "key2": "__value__"
+  },
+  "sparseSetMap": {
+    "key1": [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    "key2": [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
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+109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  sparseStructMap: {
+    key1: {
+      hi: "__hi__"
+    },
+    key2: {
+      hi: "__hi__"
+    }
+  },
+  sparseNumberMap: {
+    key1: (number) 0,
+    key2: (number) 0
+  },
+  sparseBooleanMap: {
+    key1: (boolean) false,
+    key2: (boolean) false
+  },
+  sparseStringMap: {
+    key1: "__value__",
+    key2: "__value__"
+  },
+  sparseSetMap: {
+    key1: [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ],
+    key2: [
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__",
+      "__member__"
+    ]
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/SimpleScalarProperties.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/SimpleScalarProperties.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e0ecaed9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/SimpleScalarProperties.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "trueBooleanValue": false,
+  "falseBooleanValue": false,
+  "byteValue": 0,
+  "doubleValue": 0,
+  "floatValue": 0,
+  "integerValue": 0,
+  "longValue": 0,
+  "shortValue": 0,
+  "stringValue": "__stringValue__",
+  "blobValue": {
+    "type": "Buffer",
+    "data": [
+      1,
+      0,
+      0,
+      1
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
+170, 112, 116, 114, 117, 101, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 244, 113, 102, 97, 108, 115,
+101, 66, 111, 111, 108, 101, 97, 110, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 244, 105, 98, 121, 116, 101, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101,
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+101, 0, 108, 105, 110, 116, 101, 103, 101, 114, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 0, 105, 108, 111, 110, 103, 86, 97, 108,
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+108, 117, 101, 111, 95, 95, 115, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 105, 98, 108, 111, 98,
+86, 97, 108, 117, 101, 68, 1, 0, 0, 1
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  trueBooleanValue: (boolean) false,
+  falseBooleanValue: (boolean) false,
+  byteValue: (number) 0,
+  doubleValue: (number) 0,
+  floatValue: (number) 0,
+  integerValue: (number) 0,
+  longValue: (number) 0,
+  shortValue: (number) 0,
+  stringValue: "__stringValue__",
+  blobValue: (Uint8Array) bytes[1, 0, 0, 1],
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/SparseNullsOperation.txt b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/SparseNullsOperation.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b7414f0268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/private/smithy-rpcv2-cbor-schema/test/snapshots/res/SparseNullsOperation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+======================== minimal response ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{}
+
+[actual bytes]
+160
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+
+======================== w/ optional fields ========================
+[status] 200
+  
+smithy-protocol: rpc-v2-cbor
+content-type: application/cbor
+
+[Uint8Array (cbor object view)]
+{
+  "sparseStringList": [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  "sparseStringMap": {
+    "key1": "__value__",
+    "key2": "__value__"
+  }
+}
+
+[actual bytes]
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+109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98, 101, 114, 95, 95, 106, 95, 95, 109, 101, 109, 98,
+101, 114, 95, 95, 111, 115, 112, 97, 114, 115, 101, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 77, 97, 112, 162, 100, 107, 101,
+121, 49, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 95, 95, 100, 107, 101, 121, 50, 105, 95, 95, 118, 97, 108, 117,
+101, 95, 95
+
+
+--- [output object] ---
+{
+  sparseStringList: [
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__",
+    "__member__"
+  ],
+  sparseStringMap: {
+    key1: "__value__",
+    key2: "__value__"
+  },
+  $metadata: {
+    httpStatusCode: (number) 200,
+    requestId: (undefined),
+    extendedRequestId: (undefined),
+    cfId: (undefined),
+    attempts: (number) 1,
+    totalRetryDelay: (number) 0
+  }
+}
+