AtomicAndPhysicalConstants.jl

Installation

julia> using Pkg
julia> Pkg.add("AtomicAndPhysicalConstants.jl")

Quick Start

using AtomicAndPhysicalConstants

# Access physical constants directly
C_LIGHT          # 2.99792458e8 [m/s]
H_PLANCK         # 6.62607015e-34 [J⋅s]
M_ELECTRON       # 510998.95069 [eV/c²]
FINE_STRUCTURE   # 0.0072973525643

# Create species objects
e = Species("electron")
p = Species("proton")
h = Species("H")
h_ion = Species("H+")
anti_p = Species("anti-proton")

# Access species properties (direct fields)
e.mass           # 510998.95069 [eV/c²]
p.charge         # 1.0 [e]
e.spin           # 0.5 [ħ]
e.g_factor       # g-factor (dimensionless)

Supported Species

Subatomic Particles

• "electron", "positron"
• "proton", "anti-proton"
• "neutron", "anti-neutron"
• "muon", "anti-muon"
• "pion0", "pion+", "pion-"
• "deuteron", "anti-deuteron"
• "photon"

Atomic Species

• Supported elements from "H" to "Og"

Mass Number Format (optional)

• Mass number before the atomic symbol
• Optional "#" symbol at the beginning
• If not specified, uses the average of the mass in naturally occurring samples.

julia> Species("12C")
julia> Species("#12C")

Charge Format (optional)

• Charge number after the atomic symbol
  • "+" - Single positive charge (e.g., "C+")
  • "++" - Double positive charge (e.g., "C++")
  • "+n" - n positive charges (e.g., "C+3")
  • "n+" - n positive charges (e.g., "C3+")
  • "-" - Single negative charge (e.g., "C-")
  • "--" - Double negative charge (e.g., "C--")
  • "-n" - n negative charges (e.g., "C-2")
  • "n-" - n negative charges (e.g., "C2-")

API Reference

Constants

All constants are available as module-level constants, grouped by type:

• Fundamental constants

  • C_LIGHT: Speed of light [m/s]
  • H_PLANCK: Planck constant [J⋅s]
  • H_BAR: Reduced Planck constant [J⋅s]
  • E_CHARGE: Elementary charge [C]
  • FINE_STRUCTURE: Fine structure constant (dimensionless)
  • AVOGADRO: Avogadro constant [mol⁻¹]
  • R_ELECTRON: Classical electron radius [m]
  • R_PROTON: Classical proton radius [m]
  • EPS_0: Permittivity of free space [F/m]
  • MU_0: Permeability of free space [N/A²]

• Particle masses [eV/c²]

  • M_ELECTRON: Electron
  • M_PROTON: Proton
  • M_NEUTRON: Neutron
  • M_MUON: Muon
  • M_PION_0: Neutral pion
  • M_PION_CHARGED: Charged pion
  • M_DEUTERON: Deuteron
  • M_HELION: Helion (³He nucleus)

• Magnetic moments [J/T]

  • MU_ELECTRON: Electron
  • MU_PROTON: Proton
  • MU_NEUTRON: Neutron
  • MU_MUON: Muon
  • MU_DEUTERON: Deuteron
  • MU_HELION: Helion
  • MU_TRITON: Triton

• g-factors (dimensionless)

  • G_ELECTRON: Electron
  • G_PROTON: Proton
  • G_NEUTRON: Neutron
  • G_MUON: Muon
  • G_DEUTERON: Deuteron
  • G_HELION: Helion
  • G_TRITON: Triton

• Magnetic moment anomalies (dimensionless)

  • ANOMALY_ELECTRON: Electron
  • ANOMALY_MUON: Muon

• Unit conversions

  • KG_PER_AMU: Kilograms per atomic mass unit [kg/amu]
  • EV_PER_AMU: Electronvolts per atomic mass unit [eV/amu]
  • J_PER_EV: Joules per electronvolt [J/eV]
  • C_PER_E: Coulombs per elementary charge [C/e]

• Release info

  • RELEASE_YEAR: Data release year

Species

• Species(name::String): Create a species from name
• Access fields directly:
  • species.mass (eV/c²)
  • species.charge (units of e)
  • species.spin (ħ)
  • species.moment (J/T)
  • species.g_factor (dimensionless)
  • species.iso (mass number)
  • species.kind (ATOM, HADRON, LEPTON, PHOTON, NULL)
  • species.name or nameof(species) for isotope and charge information

Examples

using AtomicAndPhysicalConstants

# Physical constants
println("Speed of light: ", C_LIGHT, " m/s")
println("Electron mass: ", M_ELECTRON, " eV/c²")

# Create particles
electron = Species("electron")
proton = Species("proton")
hydrogen = Species("H")
carbon12 = Species("12C")

# Access properties
println("Electron charge: ", electron.charge, " e")
println("Proton mass: ", proton.mass, " eV/c²")
println("Hydrogen mass: ", hydrogen.mass, " eV/c²")

# Display species
println(electron)
println(proton)

Custom species

using AtomicAndPhysicalConstants

# 1) Direct construction (no registry entry needed)
#    name, charge [e], mass [eV/c^2], spin [ħ], moment [J/T], g_factor, iso, kind
custom = Species("my-hadron", 1.0, 2.5e9, 0.5, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0, HADRON)
println(custom)

# 2) Register a custom subatomic species for name-based construction
AtomicAndPhysicalConstants.SUBATOMIC_SPECIES["X-"] = (
    charge=-1.0,
    mass=1e9.0,
    spin=0.5,
    moment=0.0,
    kind=HADRON,
)
xminus = Species("X-")
println(xminus)

# 3) Register a custom atomic element (with isotopes) for name/ion/isotope parsing
AtomicAndPhysicalConstants.ATOMIC_SPECIES["Xe"] = (
    Z=54,
    isotopes=Dict(129 => 120000.0, 132 => 122000.0, -1 => 121000.0),
)
xe129pp = Species("129Xe++")
println(xe129pp)