chore: Update outdated GitHub Actions versions

[pgoslatara]

This PR updates outdated GitHub Action versions.

• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/linter.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/docs-broken-links.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/publish.yml
• Updated actions/download-artifact from v4 to v7 in .github/workflows/publish.yml
• Updated peter-evans/repository-dispatch from v3 to v4 in .github/workflows/notify-downstream.yml
• Updated actions/upload-artifact from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/publish.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/codeql.yml
• Updated astral-sh/setup-uv from v6 to v7 in .github/workflows/update-test-durations.yml
• Updated actions/stale from v9 to v10 in .github/workflows/stale.yml
• Updated astral-sh/setup-uv from v6 to v7 in .github/workflows/tests.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/update-test-durations.yml
• Updated actions/setup-python from v5 to v6 in .github/workflows/publish.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/tests.yml
• Updated astral-sh/setup-uv from v6 to v7 in .github/workflows/build-uv-cache.yml
• Updated astral-sh/setup-uv from v6 to v7 in .github/workflows/type-checker.yml
• Updated astral-sh/setup-uv from v4 to v7 in .github/workflows/publish.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/type-checker.yml
• Updated actions/setup-node from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/docs-broken-links.yml
• Updated peter-evans/repository-dispatch from v3 to v4 in .github/workflows/trigger-deployment-tests.yml
• Updated actions/checkout from v4 to v6 in .github/workflows/build-uv-cache.yml
• Updated astral-sh/setup-uv from v6 to v7 in .github/workflows/linter.yml

---

Note

Low Risk
Version bumps to third-party GitHub Actions only; behavior should be equivalent but may surface minor CI differences due to new major action releases.

Overview
Updates multiple GitHub Actions workflow dependencies to newer major versions across CI and automation (e.g., actions/checkout, astral-sh/setup-uv, actions/setup-node, actions/setup-python, artifact upload/download, peter-evans/repository-dispatch, and actions/stale).

No workflow logic is changed; this is primarily a maintenance bump to keep CI, publishing, downstream notifications, and stale-issue management on current action releases.

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