SKALE Manager

A smart contract system that orchestrates and operates the SKALE Network.

Introduction

SKALE Manager is a comprehensive suite of upgradeable smart contracts that serves as the backbone infrastructure for the SKALE Network. It orchestrates a decentralized network of validators and nodes that provision elastic, high-performance SKALE Chains — application-specific blockchains with zero gas fees and sub-second finality.

The system implements a sophisticated mechanism where validators register nodes, accept delegated SKL tokens, and earn bounties based on their effective stake and network participation. Through distributed key generation (DKG) and BLS signature verification, SKALE Manager ensures cryptographic security across all chains without relying on centralized intermediaries.

The high-level architecture of the repository is described in ARCHITECTURE.md.

Core Capabilities:

• Validator & Node Management: Registration, authorization, stake verification, and lifecycle management for network participants
• Elastic Chain Provisioning: Dynamic creation and deletion of SKALE Chains with automatic node group selection and rotation
• Staking & Delegation: Comprehensive delegation framework supporting validator fees, minimum delegation amounts, slashing, and reward distribution
• Distributed Key Generation: DKG protocol implementation with complaint handling and BLS public key storage for Consensus protocol of SKALE network
• Economic Incentives: Automated bounty calculation and SKL token minting (immutable limited supply) based on network participation and delegated stake

Installation & Setup

Prerequisites

• Node.js v18-v22 (might be compatible with newer versions, but untested by CI). Recommend v22 for most skale projects

Clone and Install

1. git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/skalenetwork/skale-manager.git

2. cd skale-manager
3. yarn install

Running Tests

Tests run on local hardhat test environment, and do not require additional setup

All tests

yarn test

Single Test

yarn test test/{filename}.ts

Coverage

Coverage is time and resource consuming. You might need to increase --max-old-space-size to 12288.

npx hardhat coverage --solcoverjs .solcover.js

Deployment

You can also test the deployment workflow by running the deployment script on a local hardhat node:

npx hardhat run migrations/deploy.ts

Deployment

1. Create a .env file with following data:

ENDPOINT="{your endpoint}"
PRIVATE_KEY="{your private key with funds to pay for gas}"
GASPRICE={gas price in wei} # optional
ETHERSCAN={etherscan API key to verify contracts} # optional

2. deploy:

yarn hardhat run migrations/deploy.ts --network custom

Official Deployments - Ethereum Mainnet

• Blockscout: skale-manager

• Etherscan: skale-manager

• Blockscout: skale-token

• Etherscan: skale-token

Security and Audits

Static Analysis: This project uses slither as a primary static analysis tool.

Third-party Audits

Company	Audit Report	Scope/Date
ConsenSys Diligence	Report	SKALE Token (Jan 2020)
ConsenSys Diligence	Report	SKALE Network (Oct 2020)
Quantstamp	Report	SKALE Network
Solidified	Report	Self-Recharging Wallets

Bug Bounty Programs

Please see HackerOne for SKALE’s active bug bounty program OR submit a bug directly via encrypted email.

Main Branches

• develop: Most up-to-date branch with latest features and technological updates. It may be ahead of production instances. This is where contributions should be pushed to.

• stable: Latest stable version of the project.

Resources

• SKALE Whitepaper – Whitepaper of SKALE Network: https://skale.space/whitepaper
• SKALE Developer Documentation – Full technical docs for building on SKALE (dApps, chains, validators, tooling): https://docs.skale.space/
• SKALE Main Website – High-level overview of the network, architecture, and ecosystem: https://www.skale.space/
• SKALE Ecosystem Portal – Explorer, bridges, staking dashboard, live chains & projects: https://portal.skale.space/

License

Copyright (C) 2018-present SKALE Labs