Cache gradle in GitHub workflows

[trivikr]

Motivation and Context

smithy-lang/smithy#2776

Description

Cache gradle in GitHub workflows

Testing

CI

Checklist

• For changes to the smithy-rs codegen or runtime crates, I have created a changelog entry Markdown file in the .changelog directory, specifying "client," "server," or both in the applies_to key.
• For changes to the AWS SDK, generated SDK code, or SDK runtime crates, I have created a changelog entry Markdown file in the .changelog directory, specifying "aws-sdk-rust" in the applies_to key.

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[landonxjames]

Does this just cache the gradle binary or does it also cache all of the related build dependencies? We are already caching the gradle binary in our build image (or should be, it has broken a few times recently) since it would fail to download regularly and cause CI/Catapult issues.

[trivikr]

It caches the following as per documentation

**/*.gradle*, **/gradle-wrapper.properties, buildSrc/**/Versions.kt, buildSrc/**/Dependencies.kt, gradle/*.versions.toml, and **/versions.properties

It caches gradle dependencies in Github Action workflows.
It's different from other workflows you may be running on AWS infrastructure.

[trivikr]

I noticed that gradle dependencies are already being cached in one workflow

• It was added originally in GitHub action to show generated diff preview #778
• Existing cache https://github.com/smithy-lang/smithy-rs/actions/caches

I've removed the explicit code in ebb57ef (#4304), if you want to compare if built-in caching solution is helpful

[trivikr]

I noticed that CI from fork is different action as compared to CI.

Feel free to cherry-pick commits from this PR and post a new one from upstream branch if you want to experiment with cache config of actions/setup-java. This PR can be closed.

[trivikr]

Closing as gradle/actions/setup-gradle seems to be the recommended solution for caching

Details in https://www.github.com/actions/setup-java/issues/588